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<p>The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using microalgae provides a sustainable alternative to conventional physicochemical methods. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized from the cell-free supernatant of the freshwater microalga <i>Mychonastes</i> sp. B1 and characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS). The nanoparticles were predominantly spherical (15–55&#xa0;nm), highly stable (ζ =  − 42.8&#xa0;mV), and appeared to be capped by extracellular polymeric substances. The biogenic AgNPs (GS-AgNPs) exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2.0&#xa0;µg/mL against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and 2.5&#xa0;µg/mL against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) inhibited biofilm formation. Fibroblast viability remained at or above 80% at AgNP concentrations up to 1.5&#xa0;µg/mL, which promoted cell migration and increased wound closure by 8.1% at 24&#xa0;h (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Exposure to 1.5&#xa0;µg/mL AgNPs significantly upregulated extracellular matrix markers (<i>Col1a1</i> 2.3-fold, <i>Fn1</i> 3.3-fold at mRNA level; COL1A1 2.1-fold, FN1 2.7-fold at the protein level). These findings indicate that GS-AgNPs possess antimicrobial and wound healing properties, highlighting their potential as biocompatible nanomaterials for biomedical applications.</p>

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Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from the Cell-Free Supernatant of Mychonastes sp. B1: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects, and Wound Healing Activity Supported by Gene and Protein Expression Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Enver Ersoy Andeden,
  • Serap Nigdelioglu Dolanbay,
  • Gulsah Avci,
  • Belma Aslim

摘要

The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using microalgae provides a sustainable alternative to conventional physicochemical methods. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized from the cell-free supernatant of the freshwater microalga Mychonastes sp. B1 and characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS). The nanoparticles were predominantly spherical (15–55 nm), highly stable (ζ =  − 42.8 mV), and appeared to be capped by extracellular polymeric substances. The biogenic AgNPs (GS-AgNPs) exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2.0 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 2.5 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited biofilm formation. Fibroblast viability remained at or above 80% at AgNP concentrations up to 1.5 µg/mL, which promoted cell migration and increased wound closure by 8.1% at 24 h (p < 0.05). Exposure to 1.5 µg/mL AgNPs significantly upregulated extracellular matrix markers (Col1a1 2.3-fold, Fn1 3.3-fold at mRNA level; COL1A1 2.1-fold, FN1 2.7-fold at the protein level). These findings indicate that GS-AgNPs possess antimicrobial and wound healing properties, highlighting their potential as biocompatible nanomaterials for biomedical applications.