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<p>Current cancer treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, frequently have significant adverse effects, which restrict treatment options due to their toxicity. It is crucial to identify supplementary therapies using natural compounds that can inhibit tumor growth without causing severe side effects. This study explored the anti-cancer potential of earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF) protein (CF-P), non-protein (CF-NP), and crude (CF-C) from <i>Eudrilus eugeniae</i> against various human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, ME180, HEPG2, and HT-29). In vitro assays, such as MTT, cell cycle analysis, ROS analysis, apoptosis assays, and DAPI staining, revealed strong and variable cytotoxic effects of ECF fractions across different cell lines, with CF-P demonstrating the most substantial anti-cancer activity by inducing early G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis more effectively than CF-C and CF-NP. In vivo studies using a DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mouse model indicated that CF treatments significantly enhanced body weight, alleviating cancer-induced cachexia, and reduced liver weight, with CF-P exhibiting the most notable therapeutic effects. Haematological and biochemical analyses showed improved RBC counts, decreased leukocytosis, and normalized liver and renal function markers. Histopathological assessments of liver and lung tissues revealed fewer neoplastic nodules, reduced necrosis, and improved tissue structure, underscoring the protective effects of CF fractions. These findings suggest that CF fractions, particularly CF-P, have potential as cytoprotective and anti-tumor agents in cancer therapy. This study provides novel insights into the in-vitro and in-vivo anti-cancer activity of non-protein, protein, and crude <i>Eudrilus eugeniae</i> coelomic fluid across various cancer cells in vitro, shedding light on their potential mechanisms of action.</p>

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Investigating the in-vitro and in-vivo potential of Eudrilus eugeniae coelomic fluid fractions on cancer cell lines: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Peerzada Gh Jeelani,
  • M. Kanagapriyan,
  • Arul Prakash P,
  • Rajesh Parsanathan,
  • Abdel-Tawab Mossa,
  • M. S. Mohamed Jaabir

摘要

Current cancer treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, frequently have significant adverse effects, which restrict treatment options due to their toxicity. It is crucial to identify supplementary therapies using natural compounds that can inhibit tumor growth without causing severe side effects. This study explored the anti-cancer potential of earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF) protein (CF-P), non-protein (CF-NP), and crude (CF-C) from Eudrilus eugeniae against various human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, ME180, HEPG2, and HT-29). In vitro assays, such as MTT, cell cycle analysis, ROS analysis, apoptosis assays, and DAPI staining, revealed strong and variable cytotoxic effects of ECF fractions across different cell lines, with CF-P demonstrating the most substantial anti-cancer activity by inducing early G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis more effectively than CF-C and CF-NP. In vivo studies using a DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mouse model indicated that CF treatments significantly enhanced body weight, alleviating cancer-induced cachexia, and reduced liver weight, with CF-P exhibiting the most notable therapeutic effects. Haematological and biochemical analyses showed improved RBC counts, decreased leukocytosis, and normalized liver and renal function markers. Histopathological assessments of liver and lung tissues revealed fewer neoplastic nodules, reduced necrosis, and improved tissue structure, underscoring the protective effects of CF fractions. These findings suggest that CF fractions, particularly CF-P, have potential as cytoprotective and anti-tumor agents in cancer therapy. This study provides novel insights into the in-vitro and in-vivo anti-cancer activity of non-protein, protein, and crude Eudrilus eugeniae coelomic fluid across various cancer cells in vitro, shedding light on their potential mechanisms of action.