<p>Immunotherapy is a biological treatment for cancer that utilizes substances sourced from live organisms. Immunotherapy encompasses several modalities, including monoclonal antibodies, therapeutic vaccinations, immune system modulators, T-cell transfer treatment, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). It may treat kidney cancer by modifying the immune system's reaction to cancerous cells. These medicines are delivered as ICIs or cytokines. Immunotherapy may sometimes be used with targeted therapies, such as CAR T-cell therapy, to improve outcomes in advanced cancer. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a kind of cancer immunotherapy using genetically engineered T cells to augment their capacity to eradicate cancer cells. Although CAR T-cell therapy has achieved success, it continues to have substantial limitations that necessitate further investigation. Antigen escape, inhibition and resistance in B-cell malignancies, and life-threatening CAR T-cell-associated toxicities, such as cytokine release syndrome, neurologic toxicities, and sustained cytopenias, are among their limitations. Renal cell carcinoma RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. The surgical excision of a portion or the entire kidney is a common treatment for RCC. This procedure has the potential to cause agony, as well as organ and blood vessel injury. This study has examined the benefits of T cell therapy in the treatment of RCC, as well as the challenges and issues associated with this treatment method. It has also examined effective strategies for reducing the side effects, in light of the importance and incidence rate of this type of cancer.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>