lncRNA-microRNA axis in cancer drug resistance: particular focus on signaling pathways

Cancer drug resistance remains a formidable challenge in modern oncology, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. The convergence of intricate regulatory networks involving long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and pivotal signaling pathways has emerged as a crucial determinant of drug resistance. This review underscores the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs and miRNAs in orchestrating gene expression and cellular processes, mainly focusing on their interactions with specific signaling pathways. Dysregulation of these networks leads to the acquisition of drug resistance, dampening the efficacy of conventional treatments. The review highlights the potential therapeutic avenues unlocked by targeting these non-coding RNAs. Developing specific inhibitors or mimics for lncRNAs and miRNAs, alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, emerges as a promising strategy. In addition, epigenetic modulators, immunotherapies, and personalized medicine present exciting prospects in tackling drug resistance. While substantial progress has been made, challenges, including target validation and safety assessment, remain. The review emphasizes the need for continued research to overcome these hurdles and underscores the transformative potential of lncRNA-miRNA interplay in revolutionizing cancer therapy.