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Background <p>To improve the clinical diagnosis and safety of surgical treatment of adrenal ganglioneuroma (AGN), we present the experience regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic management of tumors.</p> Methods <p>From January 2013 to September 2025, we retrospectively reviewed demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiologic, surgical, and pathological findings, as well as the follow-up of AGN patients who underwent adrenal surgery at a tertiary referral center in eastern China.</p> Results <p>We included 84 patients with AGN. The median age was 34.5 years, and 73.8% cases were asymptomatic. Preoperatively, endocrine abnormalities were identified in 21.4% of patients, including some clinically asymptomatic individuals, whereas AGN was suspected on imaging in only 29.8% of cases. Compared to the tumor diameter &lt; 4&#xa0;cm group, the ≥ 4&#xa0;cm group had longer operative time (median 90.0 versus 60.0&#xa0;min, <i>P</i> = 0.004), greater intraoperative blood loss (median 20.0 versus 10.0 mL, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), and longer total length of stay (median 12.0 versus 8.0 days, <i>P</i> = 0.035). Laparoscopic subgroup analysis revealed a significant interaction: partial adrenalectomy was associated with shorter postoperative length of stay for tumors &lt; 4&#xa0;cm (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; interaction <i>P</i> = 0.014), whereas total adrenalectomy was associated with less blood loss for tumors ≥ 4&#xa0;cm (<i>P</i> = 0.030; interaction <i>P</i> = 0.019). No recurrence was observed among 55 patients with available follow-up, although the median follow-up duration was limited to 3 months.</p> Conclusions <p>Most AGNs are incidental and nonfunctional, and imaging is non-specific. Preoperative biochemical screening is essential to exclude hormone excess. Laparoscopic surgery is safe and effective, with laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy favored for tumors under 4&#xa0;cm and laparoscopic adrenalectomy preferred for larger lesions.</p>

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Clinical characteristics and management of adrenal ganglioneuroma: a single center retrospective study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Yisi Xu,
  • Benjin Liu,
  • Xuqi Huang,
  • Xudong Guo,
  • Shaobo Jiang,
  • Zhuolun Sun,
  • Hanbo Wang

摘要

Background

To improve the clinical diagnosis and safety of surgical treatment of adrenal ganglioneuroma (AGN), we present the experience regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic management of tumors.

Methods

From January 2013 to September 2025, we retrospectively reviewed demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiologic, surgical, and pathological findings, as well as the follow-up of AGN patients who underwent adrenal surgery at a tertiary referral center in eastern China.

Results

We included 84 patients with AGN. The median age was 34.5 years, and 73.8% cases were asymptomatic. Preoperatively, endocrine abnormalities were identified in 21.4% of patients, including some clinically asymptomatic individuals, whereas AGN was suspected on imaging in only 29.8% of cases. Compared to the tumor diameter < 4 cm group, the ≥ 4 cm group had longer operative time (median 90.0 versus 60.0 min, P = 0.004), greater intraoperative blood loss (median 20.0 versus 10.0 mL, P < 0.001), and longer total length of stay (median 12.0 versus 8.0 days, P = 0.035). Laparoscopic subgroup analysis revealed a significant interaction: partial adrenalectomy was associated with shorter postoperative length of stay for tumors < 4 cm (P < 0.001; interaction P = 0.014), whereas total adrenalectomy was associated with less blood loss for tumors ≥ 4 cm (P = 0.030; interaction P = 0.019). No recurrence was observed among 55 patients with available follow-up, although the median follow-up duration was limited to 3 months.

Conclusions

Most AGNs are incidental and nonfunctional, and imaging is non-specific. Preoperative biochemical screening is essential to exclude hormone excess. Laparoscopic surgery is safe and effective, with laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy favored for tumors under 4 cm and laparoscopic adrenalectomy preferred for larger lesions.