Purpose <p>This study aimed to evaluate healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for type 2 diabetes.</p> Methods <p>A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2024 across hospitals of various levels in Guiyang City, China. Participants included healthcare professionals who voluntarily agreed to take part in the study. We included healthcare professionals from the entire hospital system to capture a broad perspective on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards MNT for type 2 diabetes, reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of diabetes care. Data on demographic characteristics and KAP scores were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.</p> Results <p>A total of 1348 (90.77%) valid questionnaires were analyzed. Of the respondents, 1254 (93.03%) were female, 491 (36.42%) had 5–10 years of work experience, and 700 (51.93%) were actively engaged in the care and nutritional management of patients with type 2 diabetes. The mean ± SD knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 14.18 ± 4.80 (possible range: 0–20), 36.73 ± 3.67 (possible range: 9–45), and 27.13 ± 5.27 (possible range: 7–35), respectively. Structural equation modeling show that knowledge has had specific effects on attitudes (β = 0.464, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and practice (β = 0.681, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), as well as attitudes had a specific effect on practice (β = 0.491, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>Healthcare professionals demonstrated suboptimal knowledge but maintained positive attitudes and proactive practices regarding MNT for type 2 diabetes. Targeted educational programs should be developed to enhance healthcare professionals’ knowledge, as this could further strengthen their attitudes and practices, ultimately improving patient outcomes in MNT for type 2 diabetes.</p>