The Influence of FOXC1 Gene on Development, Organogenesis, and Functions

The transcription factors belonging to the Forkhead box (FOX) family are essential for the coordination of multiple cellular processes that are vital for the development of embryos, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and the genesis of diseases. Of these, FOXC1 stands out as a crucial regulator that has a significant impact both during and after organogenesis. One of the several transcription factors that make up the FOX family, FOXC1, is known for its ability to control cellular motility, proliferation, differentiation, and cell fate determination. It is important for many organ systems, such as the ocular, central neurological, and cardiovascular systems, where it controls important developmental processes. Furthermore, new data highlights the role FOXC1 plays in a variety of clinical situations, from prenatal abnormalities to the advancement of cancer. FOXC1 also modulates gene expression networks critical for skeletal morphogenesis and cartilage integrity. This review attempts at exploring the role of FOXC1, elucidating its dynamics in organogenesis, developmental complexities, and numerous functions and providing insight into its critical role in determining biological complexity.