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<p>Although alopecia areata (AA) is recognized as a hair loss disorder stemming from the dysregulation of cutaneous immune homeostasis, its precise pathogenesis still remains elusive. The collapse of hair follicle (HF) immune privilege (IP), leading to immune cell-mediated attack on the hair follicle, is currently the widely accepted fundamental mechanism of AA. Among the immune cells studied in this context, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are relatively well-researched, but the direct involvement of macrophages in the disease process has been less frequently demonstrated. In this review, we summarize various previous studies on macrophages and hypothesize the immune mechanisms by which macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of AA. This exploration provides new insights for future research and potential clinical treatments.</p>

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Macrophage-Centric Immunometabolic Crosstalk in Alopecia Areata Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月22日

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  • Xu Liu,
  • Xiuzu Song

摘要

Although alopecia areata (AA) is recognized as a hair loss disorder stemming from the dysregulation of cutaneous immune homeostasis, its precise pathogenesis still remains elusive. The collapse of hair follicle (HF) immune privilege (IP), leading to immune cell-mediated attack on the hair follicle, is currently the widely accepted fundamental mechanism of AA. Among the immune cells studied in this context, CD8+ T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are relatively well-researched, but the direct involvement of macrophages in the disease process has been less frequently demonstrated. In this review, we summarize various previous studies on macrophages and hypothesize the immune mechanisms by which macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of AA. This exploration provides new insights for future research and potential clinical treatments.