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<p>Wound healing is a complex biological process influenced by oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired tissue regeneration. Accordingly, multifunctional nanomaterials with antioxidant and regenerative properties may accelerate skin repair. This study reports the green synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and biological evaluation of a novel nanocomposite, iron oxide@chitosan@glutathione nanoparticles (IO@CS@GSH NPs), designed to enhance antioxidant activity and promote wound healing. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized from an aqueous extract of <i>Allium fistulosum</i>, then functionalized with citric acid, coated with chitosan, and conjugated to glutathione. UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, and TEM analyses confirmed successful fabrication and nanoscale morphology. IO@CS@GSH NPs exhibited vigorous antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (IC₅₀ = 13.18 ppm). In an excision wound model in albino mice (<i>n</i> = 5/group), quantitative planimetric analysis showed significantly accelerated wound closure in the IO@CS@GSH NPs group compared with the untreated control, with 14.37 ± 2.63% vs. 5.86 ± 2.83% on day 3, 60.91 ± 5.99% vs. 12.81 ± 3.77% on day 5, and 84.10 ± 1.52% vs. 35.11 ± 4.97% on day 7. Histopathological assessment (H&amp;E and Masson’s Trichrome staining) further indicated improved re-epithelialization, enhanced collagen deposition and neovascularization, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration relative to control and single-component treatments. In conclusion, these findings highlight IO@CS@GSH NPs as a promising bioactive nanoplatform for wound healing and regenerative medicine.</p>

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Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide-Chitosan-Glutathione Nanosystem for Wound Healing Enhancement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Ryam Namir Abdulkareem,
  • Ahmad H. Ismail,
  • Mudeer Mubarak Merza

摘要

Wound healing is a complex biological process influenced by oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired tissue regeneration. Accordingly, multifunctional nanomaterials with antioxidant and regenerative properties may accelerate skin repair. This study reports the green synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and biological evaluation of a novel nanocomposite, iron oxide@chitosan@glutathione nanoparticles (IO@CS@GSH NPs), designed to enhance antioxidant activity and promote wound healing. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized from an aqueous extract of Allium fistulosum, then functionalized with citric acid, coated with chitosan, and conjugated to glutathione. UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, and TEM analyses confirmed successful fabrication and nanoscale morphology. IO@CS@GSH NPs exhibited vigorous antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (IC₅₀ = 13.18 ppm). In an excision wound model in albino mice (n = 5/group), quantitative planimetric analysis showed significantly accelerated wound closure in the IO@CS@GSH NPs group compared with the untreated control, with 14.37 ± 2.63% vs. 5.86 ± 2.83% on day 3, 60.91 ± 5.99% vs. 12.81 ± 3.77% on day 5, and 84.10 ± 1.52% vs. 35.11 ± 4.97% on day 7. Histopathological assessment (H&E and Masson’s Trichrome staining) further indicated improved re-epithelialization, enhanced collagen deposition and neovascularization, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration relative to control and single-component treatments. In conclusion, these findings highlight IO@CS@GSH NPs as a promising bioactive nanoplatform for wound healing and regenerative medicine.