<p>Mitochondria perform many crucial cellular functions, including energy production and calcium balance, while controlling pathways determining cell survival and death. The capability of mitochondria to respond dynamically to cellular stimuli plays a crucial role in keeping cells and tissues balanced. Mitochondrial quality control impairment during disease causes dysfunctional mitochondria to accumulate, which drives disease progression. The alterations demonstrate how mitochondria play a crucial role in health and disease, positioning them as valuable targets for therapeutic interventions. Investigators can develop precision-targeted therapies to exploit mitochondrial features, including their double-membrane structure, independent genome, and unique electrochemical properties. Mitochondrial-targeted approaches offer dual benefits, such as therapeutic strategies that restore mitochondrial function in degenerative diseases while inducing cell death through mitochondrial mechanisms in cancer conditions have been developed. A variety of methods have been created to utilize mitochondrial properties for drug delivery, but their therapeutic capabilities are not fully understood. The current review delivers a detailed examination of mitochondrial applications in disease treatment and reveals new mitochondrial properties with substantial potential for therapeutic development. This review seeks to fill current knowledge gaps and create opportunities for novel mitochondria-targeted treatment approaches by examining existing methods and prospects.</p>