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<p>The rising incidence of colon cancer necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies that are both effective and environmentally sustainable. This study explores the green synthesis of multifunctional selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), which have shown promise as photothermal agents and photosensitizers. SeNPs were synthesized using an eco-friendly method with plant extracts as reducing agents, aiming to reduce toxicity, combat drug resistance, and enhance biocompatibility.We formulated a selenium-loaded alginate/casein hydrogel (Se-Loaded Alg/Cas NPs) specifically for photothermal therapy in colon cancer. Integrating SeNPs into the hydrogel allows for precise controlled release mechanisms and significantly improves biocompatibility, paving the way for safer therapeutic applications. This approach enhances the structural integrity and stability of SeNPs, facilitates functionalization with complementary therapeutic agents, and ensures biodegradability for natural clearance from the body. The hydrogels also promote cell adhesion and proliferation, which aids in healing adjacent healthy tissues and can be designed for stimuli-responsive behavior.Characterization showed that Se-Loaded Alg/Cas NPs exhibited uniform spherical morphology and distinct crystalline structure, producing SeNPs with an average size of 18 ± 2&#xa0;nm and Se-Loaded Alg/Cas NPs at 55 ± 6&#xa0;nm. Zeta potential assessments indicated negative surface charges, with values of -21.4 ± 3.2 mV for SeNPs and − 62.3 ± 10.4 mV for Se-Loaded Alg/Cas NPs. In vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed that SeNPs had weak anticancer activity (IC50 of 75.95&#xa0;µg/ml), while the hydrogel showed significant activity (IC50 of 4.90&#xa0;µg/ml) against the colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116). Se-Loaded Alg/Cas NPs, combined with near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, effectively inhibited cell proliferation, demonstrating their potential for targeted drug delivery through chemotherapy and photothermal therapy.</p>

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Green-Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles Incorporated in Alginate/Casein Hydrogel for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Enhancing Therapeutic Index and Reducing Toxicity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月17日

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  • Mohamed M. Fathy,
  • Taiseer M. Abd El-Daim,
  • Heba M. Fahmy

摘要

The rising incidence of colon cancer necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies that are both effective and environmentally sustainable. This study explores the green synthesis of multifunctional selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), which have shown promise as photothermal agents and photosensitizers. SeNPs were synthesized using an eco-friendly method with plant extracts as reducing agents, aiming to reduce toxicity, combat drug resistance, and enhance biocompatibility.We formulated a selenium-loaded alginate/casein hydrogel (Se-Loaded Alg/Cas NPs) specifically for photothermal therapy in colon cancer. Integrating SeNPs into the hydrogel allows for precise controlled release mechanisms and significantly improves biocompatibility, paving the way for safer therapeutic applications. This approach enhances the structural integrity and stability of SeNPs, facilitates functionalization with complementary therapeutic agents, and ensures biodegradability for natural clearance from the body. The hydrogels also promote cell adhesion and proliferation, which aids in healing adjacent healthy tissues and can be designed for stimuli-responsive behavior.Characterization showed that Se-Loaded Alg/Cas NPs exhibited uniform spherical morphology and distinct crystalline structure, producing SeNPs with an average size of 18 ± 2 nm and Se-Loaded Alg/Cas NPs at 55 ± 6 nm. Zeta potential assessments indicated negative surface charges, with values of -21.4 ± 3.2 mV for SeNPs and − 62.3 ± 10.4 mV for Se-Loaded Alg/Cas NPs. In vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed that SeNPs had weak anticancer activity (IC50 of 75.95 µg/ml), while the hydrogel showed significant activity (IC50 of 4.90 µg/ml) against the colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116). Se-Loaded Alg/Cas NPs, combined with near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, effectively inhibited cell proliferation, demonstrating their potential for targeted drug delivery through chemotherapy and photothermal therapy.