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<p>To investigate the protective effects of three antioxidants—lycopene (LP), proanthocyanidins (PC), and resveratrol (RES)—against Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. A total of 110 healthy male ICR mice were randomly assigned to 11 experimental groups: the control group, the Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> group, and combined treatment groups consisting of Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> with low, medium, and high doses of LP, PC, and RES, respectively. Following 28 days of continuous intragastric administration, epididymal tissues were collected for assessment of semen quality, while testicular tissues were utilized to evaluate histopathological alterations, testicular functional enzyme activities, and markers of oxidative stress. Compared with the control group, after intragastric administration of Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>, the testicular and epididymal coefficients of mice decreased, the sperm count, sperm progressive motility, and sperm motility rate significantly decreased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), the sperm malformation rate significantly increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), the number of spermatogenic cells in the testicular spermatogenic tubules decreased, and the Johnsen score significantly decreased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) decreased significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). After the intervention with the three antioxidants, compared with the Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> group, the testicular and epididymal coefficients increased. Compared with other doses, medium-dose LP, medium-high-dose PC, and all doses of RES significantly increased the forward motility and sperm motility of mice and significantly reduced the sperm deformity rate(<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In addition, various doses of LP, medium - high- doses of PC, and low- doses RES significantly improved pathological damage caused by Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>, such as testicular tissue structural disorder and decreased levels of spermatogenic cells and sperm. The activities of ACP, LDH, SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx increased significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), and the level of MDA in the testicular tissue decreased significantly. LP, PC, and RES had antagonistic effects on male reproductive toxicity induced by Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>, the prominent effects of PC on the testicular organ coefficient and LP, especially 20&#xa0;mg/kg LP, in improving semen quality and the expression of testicular functional enzymes in male mice need to be given due attention.</p>

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Study on the Antagonistic Effects of Lycopene, Resveratrol, and Procyanidins on Male Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Nano Titanium Dioxide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Hongmei An,
  • Lihong Zhang,
  • Jiale Miao,
  • Aiman Song,
  • Jingzhuo Zhang,
  • Wulike Baike Maihemuti,
  • Xianfeng Cao,
  • Yongchang Wen,
  • Ruiying Yan,
  • Caijin Ren,
  • Qianjiang Bao,
  • Jiayu Wang,
  • Yuhang Lei

摘要

To investigate the protective effects of three antioxidants—lycopene (LP), proanthocyanidins (PC), and resveratrol (RES)—against Nano-TiO2-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. A total of 110 healthy male ICR mice were randomly assigned to 11 experimental groups: the control group, the Nano-TiO2 group, and combined treatment groups consisting of Nano-TiO2 with low, medium, and high doses of LP, PC, and RES, respectively. Following 28 days of continuous intragastric administration, epididymal tissues were collected for assessment of semen quality, while testicular tissues were utilized to evaluate histopathological alterations, testicular functional enzyme activities, and markers of oxidative stress. Compared with the control group, after intragastric administration of Nano-TiO2, the testicular and epididymal coefficients of mice decreased, the sperm count, sperm progressive motility, and sperm motility rate significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the sperm malformation rate significantly increased (P < 0.05), the number of spermatogenic cells in the testicular spermatogenic tubules decreased, and the Johnsen score significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased (P < 0.05). After the intervention with the three antioxidants, compared with the Nano-TiO2 group, the testicular and epididymal coefficients increased. Compared with other doses, medium-dose LP, medium-high-dose PC, and all doses of RES significantly increased the forward motility and sperm motility of mice and significantly reduced the sperm deformity rate(P < 0.05). In addition, various doses of LP, medium - high- doses of PC, and low- doses RES significantly improved pathological damage caused by Nano-TiO2, such as testicular tissue structural disorder and decreased levels of spermatogenic cells and sperm. The activities of ACP, LDH, SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the level of MDA in the testicular tissue decreased significantly. LP, PC, and RES had antagonistic effects on male reproductive toxicity induced by Nano-TiO2, the prominent effects of PC on the testicular organ coefficient and LP, especially 20 mg/kg LP, in improving semen quality and the expression of testicular functional enzymes in male mice need to be given due attention.