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<p>Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in pigs is closely associated with excessive obesity and lipid metabolic abnormalities during postnatal catch-up growth. Nano zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO) is a novel nanomaterial that has antioxidant properties and can improve abnormal lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the weight-reducing effects and mechanisms of Nano-ZnO in IUGR pigs. Six normal birth weight (NBW) and twelve IUGR male piglets were divided into three groups post-weaning (day 22): NBW and IUGR groups received a basal diet, while the IUGR + Zn group was fed a Nano-ZnO-supplemented diet (600&#xa0;mg/kg). Nano-ZnO significantly reduced backfat thickness and improved fatty acid composition in IUGR pigs. Mechanistically, Nano-ZnO activated the NRF2 signaling pathway, enhancing antioxidant capacity in adipose tissue by elevating T-SOD and T-AOC activities, upregulating SOD/GCLC/GCLM expression, and suppressing KEAP1 and MDA levels. Concurrently, it promoted lipolysis via the adiponectin/AMPK/SREBP1C/PPARγ axis, increasing ACC/CPT-1/HSL activity and mRNA expression while inhibiting FAS. Furthermore, Nano-ZnO modulated gut microbiota composition (e.g., increasing cecal <i>UCG-005</i>, <i>Rikenellaceae RC9</i>, and fecal <i>Phascolarctobacterium</i>) and serum metabolites (e.g., reducing phenylpyruvic acid and 9(10)-EpOME, elevating docosahexaenoic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid). These findings demonstrate that Nano-ZnO ameliorates abnormal fat deposition in IUGR pigs through coordinated antioxidant, lipolytic, gut microbial, and metabolic reprogramming.</p>

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Nano-ZnO Improves IUGR-Induced Abnormal Fat Deposition in Finishing Pigs by Remodeling the Intestinal Microbiota and Regulating Serum Metabolism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Minhang Tu,
  • Shun Chen,
  • Longfei Ma,
  • Jiaqi Zhang,
  • Gentan Cai,
  • Tian Wang,
  • Chao Wang

摘要

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in pigs is closely associated with excessive obesity and lipid metabolic abnormalities during postnatal catch-up growth. Nano zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO) is a novel nanomaterial that has antioxidant properties and can improve abnormal lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the weight-reducing effects and mechanisms of Nano-ZnO in IUGR pigs. Six normal birth weight (NBW) and twelve IUGR male piglets were divided into three groups post-weaning (day 22): NBW and IUGR groups received a basal diet, while the IUGR + Zn group was fed a Nano-ZnO-supplemented diet (600 mg/kg). Nano-ZnO significantly reduced backfat thickness and improved fatty acid composition in IUGR pigs. Mechanistically, Nano-ZnO activated the NRF2 signaling pathway, enhancing antioxidant capacity in adipose tissue by elevating T-SOD and T-AOC activities, upregulating SOD/GCLC/GCLM expression, and suppressing KEAP1 and MDA levels. Concurrently, it promoted lipolysis via the adiponectin/AMPK/SREBP1C/PPARγ axis, increasing ACC/CPT-1/HSL activity and mRNA expression while inhibiting FAS. Furthermore, Nano-ZnO modulated gut microbiota composition (e.g., increasing cecal UCG-005, Rikenellaceae RC9, and fecal Phascolarctobacterium) and serum metabolites (e.g., reducing phenylpyruvic acid and 9(10)-EpOME, elevating docosahexaenoic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid). These findings demonstrate that Nano-ZnO ameliorates abnormal fat deposition in IUGR pigs through coordinated antioxidant, lipolytic, gut microbial, and metabolic reprogramming.