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<p>In this work, chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) loaded with crude green tea extract (CGTE) at three concentrations (1.5, 3, and 6%) are designed to eradicate harmful microbes and eliminate prostate cancer cells successfully. The extraction of bioactive compounds in CGTE was conducted. A phytochemical identification confirmed that CGTE was rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, predominantly quercetin derivatives. Furthermore, the characterization of the prepared materials indicated that CGTE was successfully loaded onto CsNPs. The TEM results showed that CsNPs and the loaded CsNPs with CGTE were spherical, with their size increasing from around 297&#xa0;nm to 353&#xa0;nm after loading the CGTE. Among the studied formulations, results indicated that 6CGTE loaded CsNPs showed the strongest antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activities. Likewise, the formulation induced significant cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells, as evidenced by morphological shrinkage, Annexin V-positive populations, and cell-cycle arrest. The cancer therapy of PC-3 prostate increased Bax levels and decreased Bcl-2 levels. ELISA and qRT-PCR tests revealed the significant downregulation of inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and TNF-α). In addition, western blot analysis confirmed the highest p53 levels and activated cleaved caspase-3. Consequently, the the prepared CGTE loaded CsNPs is a promising and beneficial approach for treating prostate cancer and preventing the bioburden of uropathogenic microbes. The results concluded that the prepared nanoplatform has great potential for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications as a localized nano-delivery system for integrated antimicrobial and anticancer therapy.</p>

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Dual-functional Green Tea Polyphenol loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Eradication of Uropathogenic Biofilm and Induction of Apoptotic Pathways in Prostate Cancer Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Leena S. Alqahtani

摘要

In this work, chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) loaded with crude green tea extract (CGTE) at three concentrations (1.5, 3, and 6%) are designed to eradicate harmful microbes and eliminate prostate cancer cells successfully. The extraction of bioactive compounds in CGTE was conducted. A phytochemical identification confirmed that CGTE was rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, predominantly quercetin derivatives. Furthermore, the characterization of the prepared materials indicated that CGTE was successfully loaded onto CsNPs. The TEM results showed that CsNPs and the loaded CsNPs with CGTE were spherical, with their size increasing from around 297 nm to 353 nm after loading the CGTE. Among the studied formulations, results indicated that 6CGTE loaded CsNPs showed the strongest antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activities. Likewise, the formulation induced significant cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells, as evidenced by morphological shrinkage, Annexin V-positive populations, and cell-cycle arrest. The cancer therapy of PC-3 prostate increased Bax levels and decreased Bcl-2 levels. ELISA and qRT-PCR tests revealed the significant downregulation of inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and TNF-α). In addition, western blot analysis confirmed the highest p53 levels and activated cleaved caspase-3. Consequently, the the prepared CGTE loaded CsNPs is a promising and beneficial approach for treating prostate cancer and preventing the bioburden of uropathogenic microbes. The results concluded that the prepared nanoplatform has great potential for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications as a localized nano-delivery system for integrated antimicrobial and anticancer therapy.