<p>The rapid and accurate detection of bacteria is essential to safeguard public health, prevent foodborne illnesses, and control infectious disease outbreaks. In recent years, fluorescence-based sensing has emerged as a powerful alternative, offering high sensitivity, real-time detection, and the potential for miniaturization into portable devices. Among fluorescence-based systems, quantum dots (QDs) have gained significant attention due to their superior photostability, size-tunable emission, high quantum yield, and capability for surface functionalization with biomolecular probes. These unique properties have enabled the development of quantum dot-based fluorometric sensors for the selective and sensitive detection of bacteria. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in QD-based fluorometric sensors for bacteria detection, highlighting innovative sensing platforms, their underlying mechanisms, analytical performance, and potential integration into point-of-care diagnostics.</p>