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<p> <i>Cordia macleodii </i>(Griff.)Hook.F. Thomson leaves extract (CMLE) was used for the bio-fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles (CM-CuO NPs). Spectrophotometer analysis revealed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 280 nm and 336 nm, confirming the successful synthesis of stable copper oxide nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified functional groups in leaves extracts that are essential for the formation of CM-CuO NPs. The Zeta PDI investigation showed a mean zeta potential of -5.1 ± 0.4 mV and a hydrodynamic diameter of 632.4 nm, with 22.9%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results shows the distinct 2𝜃 values between the 10–90° range with a crystalline size of 13.72 nm of the CM-CuO NPs. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis provided a comprehensive structural view, revealing smaller, spherical CM-CuO NPs. The SEM-EDX signals from C, O, and Cu were indicated from the SEM-EDX. Whereas mapping analysis revealed element composition, Cu Lα, O Kα, and C Kα peaks were detected beyond those of copper and oxygen. Additionally, High-resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigation revealed a spherical form with an average particle size of 4.49 nm. The Antibacterial activity assessments of CM-CuO NPs against <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> indicated zones of inhibition of 19.33 ± 1.15&#xa0;mm and 25.66 ± 1.52&#xa0;mm at concentrations of 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell viability tests of CM-CuO NPs against the tested bacterial strains confirmed a dose-dependent effect. The antifungal assessment of CM-CuO NPs against the fungi <i>Alternaria alternata</i>,<i> Aspergillus flavus</i>, and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> showed inhibition of growth 55%, 75%, and 30%, respectively. The antioxidant free radical scavenging potential of CM-CuO NPs by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was assessed 14% and 38% by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method. Overall, in our study <i>C. macleodii</i> mediated CuO NPs shows effective antimicrobial activity. In future, studies focusing on the <i>in</i>-<i>vivo</i> biological applications, agricultural section, biomedical and environmental applications could establish these CM-CuO NPs as sustainable alternative to conventional chemical agents.</p>

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Synthesis of Sustainable Copper Oxide Nanoparticles with Cordia Macleodii (Griff.) Hook.F. Thomson: Exploring Antimicrobial Activity and Antioxidant Defense

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Umakant Pradhan,
  • Purusottam Majhi,
  • Sanjay Kumar Sahu,
  • Anunay Toppo,
  • Tanmay Kumar Ghorai,
  • Awadhesh Kumar Shukla

摘要

Cordia macleodii (Griff.)Hook.F. Thomson leaves extract (CMLE) was used for the bio-fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles (CM-CuO NPs). Spectrophotometer analysis revealed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 280 nm and 336 nm, confirming the successful synthesis of stable copper oxide nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified functional groups in leaves extracts that are essential for the formation of CM-CuO NPs. The Zeta PDI investigation showed a mean zeta potential of -5.1 ± 0.4 mV and a hydrodynamic diameter of 632.4 nm, with 22.9%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results shows the distinct 2𝜃 values between the 10–90° range with a crystalline size of 13.72 nm of the CM-CuO NPs. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis provided a comprehensive structural view, revealing smaller, spherical CM-CuO NPs. The SEM-EDX signals from C, O, and Cu were indicated from the SEM-EDX. Whereas mapping analysis revealed element composition, Cu Lα, O Kα, and C Kα peaks were detected beyond those of copper and oxygen. Additionally, High-resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigation revealed a spherical form with an average particle size of 4.49 nm. The Antibacterial activity assessments of CM-CuO NPs against Ralstonia solanacearum indicated zones of inhibition of 19.33 ± 1.15 mm and 25.66 ± 1.52 mm at concentrations of 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell viability tests of CM-CuO NPs against the tested bacterial strains confirmed a dose-dependent effect. The antifungal assessment of CM-CuO NPs against the fungi Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, and Botrytis cinerea showed inhibition of growth 55%, 75%, and 30%, respectively. The antioxidant free radical scavenging potential of CM-CuO NPs by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was assessed 14% and 38% by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method. Overall, in our study C. macleodii mediated CuO NPs shows effective antimicrobial activity. In future, studies focusing on the in-vivo biological applications, agricultural section, biomedical and environmental applications could establish these CM-CuO NPs as sustainable alternative to conventional chemical agents.