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<p>Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses significant risks to agricultural productivity and ecosystems, necessitating effective remediation strategies. This study evaluated the efficacy of iron (Fe)-modified corn straw biochar (FB) in immobilizing Cd and reducing its uptake in lettuce, compared to raw biochar (B). FB was synthesized by pyrolyzing Fe(NO₃)₃-treated corn straw, and its physicochemical properties were analyzed. Pot experiments were conducted to test Cd immobilization at 0, 1, and 2&#xa0;mg kg⁻¹ Cd levels with B or FB doses of 0%, 1%, and 3% (w/w) B or FB. FB exhibited higher specific surface area, pore volume, and oxygen-containing functional groups than B. It, enhanced Cd adsorption via mechanisms including surface complexation (-OH, Fe-O), precipitation (CdCO₃), and π-π interactions. Furthermore, FB reduced bioavailable Cd content in soil by 15–28% and shifted Cd speciation from exchangeable forms to Fe/Mn oxide-bound fractions, outperforming B even at lower doses. Additionally, FB improved soil fertility, enzyme activities, and enriched Cd-immobilizing bacteria in the soil, promoting lettuce growth and reducing Cd content in roots (25–40%) and leaves (33–47%). The findings highlighted FB as a cost-effective and sustainable amendment for Cd-contaminated soils, which enhanced adsorption, microbial modulation, and reduced application rates. This study provides critical insights into the dual role of Fe-modified biochar in soil remediation and crop safety, supporting its practical application in sustainable agriculture.</p>

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A Novel Iron-Modified Corn Straw Biochar Enhanced Cd Immobilization in Soil and Reduced Cd Uptake in Lettuce

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Chengxun Zhang,
  • Haikuan Ji,
  • Guanqi Zhu,
  • Jian Li,
  • Guangfan Meng,
  • Zhenhua Wang,
  • Xiaohan Wang

摘要

Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses significant risks to agricultural productivity and ecosystems, necessitating effective remediation strategies. This study evaluated the efficacy of iron (Fe)-modified corn straw biochar (FB) in immobilizing Cd and reducing its uptake in lettuce, compared to raw biochar (B). FB was synthesized by pyrolyzing Fe(NO₃)₃-treated corn straw, and its physicochemical properties were analyzed. Pot experiments were conducted to test Cd immobilization at 0, 1, and 2 mg kg⁻¹ Cd levels with B or FB doses of 0%, 1%, and 3% (w/w) B or FB. FB exhibited higher specific surface area, pore volume, and oxygen-containing functional groups than B. It, enhanced Cd adsorption via mechanisms including surface complexation (-OH, Fe-O), precipitation (CdCO₃), and π-π interactions. Furthermore, FB reduced bioavailable Cd content in soil by 15–28% and shifted Cd speciation from exchangeable forms to Fe/Mn oxide-bound fractions, outperforming B even at lower doses. Additionally, FB improved soil fertility, enzyme activities, and enriched Cd-immobilizing bacteria in the soil, promoting lettuce growth and reducing Cd content in roots (25–40%) and leaves (33–47%). The findings highlighted FB as a cost-effective and sustainable amendment for Cd-contaminated soils, which enhanced adsorption, microbial modulation, and reduced application rates. This study provides critical insights into the dual role of Fe-modified biochar in soil remediation and crop safety, supporting its practical application in sustainable agriculture.