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<p>AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) biosensors are revolutionizing real-time, label-free, and ultra-sensitive biomolecular detection by addressing major limitations of conventional FET-based biosensors such as oxide instability, chemical degradation, and poor sensitivity in physiological environments. Their superior electron mobility, wide bandgap, and inherent chemical robustness enable stable operation in complex biological media. This review critically examines the structural and electronic advantages of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and their role in mitigating challenges like Debye screening and functionalization instability. Applications across cancer and cardiovascular diagnostics, infectious disease detection, metabolic disorder monitoring, and molecular sensing are systematically analyzed. Finally, future perspectives highlight the integration of AlGaN/GaN HEMT biosensors with wearable systems, artificial intelligence–assisted analytics, and standardized testing protocols to advance next-generation point-of-care diagnostics and personalized healthcare.</p>

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AlGaN/GaN HEMT Biosensors for Next-Generation Applications: a State-of-the-Art Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Yashwant Singh,
  • Neeraj Gupta,
  • Nisha Charaya,
  • Ashish Kumar,
  • Vinay Kanungo

摘要

AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) biosensors are revolutionizing real-time, label-free, and ultra-sensitive biomolecular detection by addressing major limitations of conventional FET-based biosensors such as oxide instability, chemical degradation, and poor sensitivity in physiological environments. Their superior electron mobility, wide bandgap, and inherent chemical robustness enable stable operation in complex biological media. This review critically examines the structural and electronic advantages of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and their role in mitigating challenges like Debye screening and functionalization instability. Applications across cancer and cardiovascular diagnostics, infectious disease detection, metabolic disorder monitoring, and molecular sensing are systematically analyzed. Finally, future perspectives highlight the integration of AlGaN/GaN HEMT biosensors with wearable systems, artificial intelligence–assisted analytics, and standardized testing protocols to advance next-generation point-of-care diagnostics and personalized healthcare.