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<p>This study aims to evaluate the potential of green-synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) derived from herbal extracts—namely <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (Green Tea), <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (Bhringraj), <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> (Licorice), and <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> (Cinnamon)—for enhancing the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) in sunscreen formulations. Addressing the environmental and toxicity concerns associated with conventionally synthesized TiO₂ NPs, this eco-friendly approach offers a sustainable and effective alternative for cosmetic applications without compromising efficacy. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and then incorporated into oil-in-water emulsions containing 5% homosalate. In vitro SPF was measured using the Labsphere UV-2000S system, while formulation stability was assessed via pH monitoring, rheological behavior, and accelerated centrifugation using the LUMiSizer. Statistical analysis, including one-way ANOVA and effect size metrics (η<sup>2</sup>, Cohen’s <i>d</i>), confirmed significant SPF enhancement, particularly in formulations using Green Tea and Cinnamon-derived TiO₂ NPs, which showed 3.12-fold and 3.11-fold improvements, respectively. Notably, smaller crystallite size (30.2&#xa0;nm in Green Tea-derived TiO₂) correlated with higher SPF (14.97 ± 0.31). All formulations exhibited excellent physical and thermal stability. These findings underscore the promise of plant-mediated TiO₂ NPs as a viable, sustainable solution for next-generation sunscreen products, with further investigation warranted for scale-up and in vivo validation.</p>

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Green-synthesized Tio₂ Nanoparticles for Sunscreen: Eco-Friendly Approach to Spf Enhancement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Pasupathi Murugesan,
  • Saravanan Kamalakannan,
  • Kumar Thangarathinam,
  • Natarajan Balasubramanian

摘要

This study aims to evaluate the potential of green-synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) derived from herbal extracts—namely Camellia sinensis (Green Tea), Eclipta prostrata (Bhringraj), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice), and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon)—for enhancing the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) in sunscreen formulations. Addressing the environmental and toxicity concerns associated with conventionally synthesized TiO₂ NPs, this eco-friendly approach offers a sustainable and effective alternative for cosmetic applications without compromising efficacy. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and then incorporated into oil-in-water emulsions containing 5% homosalate. In vitro SPF was measured using the Labsphere UV-2000S system, while formulation stability was assessed via pH monitoring, rheological behavior, and accelerated centrifugation using the LUMiSizer. Statistical analysis, including one-way ANOVA and effect size metrics (η2, Cohen’s d), confirmed significant SPF enhancement, particularly in formulations using Green Tea and Cinnamon-derived TiO₂ NPs, which showed 3.12-fold and 3.11-fold improvements, respectively. Notably, smaller crystallite size (30.2 nm in Green Tea-derived TiO₂) correlated with higher SPF (14.97 ± 0.31). All formulations exhibited excellent physical and thermal stability. These findings underscore the promise of plant-mediated TiO₂ NPs as a viable, sustainable solution for next-generation sunscreen products, with further investigation warranted for scale-up and in vivo validation.