Application and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Fe-MIL-101 Nanozyme in Milk

In this study, we used Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme to convert lactose into lactitol, and it was proved that Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme has lactase-like activity. Due to the potential health effects of nanomaterials, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme. To reduce the potential toxicity of the nanozyme, we applied centrifugation and membrane filtration. When the membrane aperture size was 100 nm, the residual content of Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme was 14.09 μg/mL. The residual content of Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme was reduced by optimizing time, temperature, and Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme-to-substrate ratio. It was showed that the concentration of Fe was 38.47 mg/kg and the concentration of H₂BDC was 0 mg/kg under optimized conditions (110℃, 2 h of reaction and the ratio of Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme to substrate is 1:20). The result met the national standard of China. Experiments measuring cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell membrane damage revealed that less than 20 μg/mL Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme had no significant cytotoxicity. Our study findings showed that Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme reduced lactose content in milk.