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<p>The electrochemical behavior of SS316L fabricated via Laser Beam-Powder Bed Fusion (LB-PBF) is critically influenced by process-induced surface and microstructural features. This study systematically correlates laser power (P: 100–300 W) and scan speed (V: 200–300&#xa0;mm/s) with the corrosion performance in 1&#xa0;M HCl through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), roughness analysis, and microscopy. Results reveal that the double-layer capacitance (Cdl) and charge (Q) increase linearly with Volumetric Energy Density (VED) and all roughness parameters (Ra up to 31.75&#xa0;µm), directly linking geometric surface area to electrochemical activity. Conversely, the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) exhibits a complex, full quadratic dependence on V, highlighting the critical role of scan speed in forming the interfacial layer. An optimal corrosion resistance was identified for sample R1 (P = 100 W, V = 200&#xa0;mm/s, VED = 83&#xa0;J/mm<sup>3</sup>), demonstrating the highest Rct (347&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;cm<sup>2</sup>) and lowest corrosion current density (icorr = 43&#xa0;µA/cm<sup>2</sup>), despite a moderate roughness (Ra = 7.29&#xa0;µm). This indicates that a well-fused, defect-minimized topography outweighs the detrimental effect of higher roughness. A systemic interplay diagram was constructed to delineate the statistically significant relationships between processing inputs and EIS/roughness outputs, providing a roadmap for optimizing LB-PBF parameters for corrosion resistance.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Toward a systemic analysis of the interplay between corroded as-built LPBF-SS316L samples and surface roughness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Fatima Zahra Oulkhir,
  • Iatimad Akhrif,
  • Anouar El Magri,
  • Mostapha El Jai,
  • Issam Saber

摘要

The electrochemical behavior of SS316L fabricated via Laser Beam-Powder Bed Fusion (LB-PBF) is critically influenced by process-induced surface and microstructural features. This study systematically correlates laser power (P: 100–300 W) and scan speed (V: 200–300 mm/s) with the corrosion performance in 1 M HCl through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), roughness analysis, and microscopy. Results reveal that the double-layer capacitance (Cdl) and charge (Q) increase linearly with Volumetric Energy Density (VED) and all roughness parameters (Ra up to 31.75 µm), directly linking geometric surface area to electrochemical activity. Conversely, the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) exhibits a complex, full quadratic dependence on V, highlighting the critical role of scan speed in forming the interfacial layer. An optimal corrosion resistance was identified for sample R1 (P = 100 W, V = 200 mm/s, VED = 83 J/mm3), demonstrating the highest Rct (347 Ω cm2) and lowest corrosion current density (icorr = 43 µA/cm2), despite a moderate roughness (Ra = 7.29 µm). This indicates that a well-fused, defect-minimized topography outweighs the detrimental effect of higher roughness. A systemic interplay diagram was constructed to delineate the statistically significant relationships between processing inputs and EIS/roughness outputs, providing a roadmap for optimizing LB-PBF parameters for corrosion resistance.

Graphical abstract