<p>The growing demand for cost-effective and scalable metal additive manufacturing (AM) solutions have led to the exploration of alternative processes such as Bound Metal Deposition (BMD) and Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM), both classified under Metal Fused Filament Fabrication technologies. The effect of printing processes (BMD and ADAM) and printing parameters on dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of the fabricated parts are yet to be explored. Thus, the present study investigates and compares the influence of key process parameters, including wall thickness (0.6–20&#xa0;mm), base layer height (0.6–20&#xa0;mm), and base layer width (0–11.98&#xa0;mm), on the dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and mechanical performance of 17-4PH stainless steel parts fabricated by BMD and ADAM. Experimental results revealed that ADAM-produced specimens demonstrated superior performance in terms of tensile strength (1003–1135&#xa0;MPa), compressive strength (1723–1874&#xa0;MPa), and hardness (40 HRC). These were primarily attributed to their higher relative density (93.2–96.4%) compared to BMD parts (92.4–92.6%). Additionally, increased wall layer thickness positively affected compressive performance. Dimensional errors and surface roughness varied notably across build orientations, with ADAM parts achieving better geometric accuracy. Despite these advancements, both techniques induced porosity in the samples due to suboptimal sintering, emphasizing the need for improved post-processing methods such as hot isostatic pressing. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing low-cost metal AM processes for functional product design and development, bridging the gap between performance and affordability.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Investigation and comparison of the dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of 17-4PH stainless steel fabricated using BMD and ADAM additive manufacturing

  • Abel Cedric Titus,
  • Alokesh Pramanik,
  • Animesh Kumar Basak,
  • Chander Prakash,
  • Subramaniam Shankar,
  • Amit Rai Dixit,
  • N. Radhika,
  • Sandeep Kumar,
  • Khang Wen Goh

摘要

The growing demand for cost-effective and scalable metal additive manufacturing (AM) solutions have led to the exploration of alternative processes such as Bound Metal Deposition (BMD) and Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM), both classified under Metal Fused Filament Fabrication technologies. The effect of printing processes (BMD and ADAM) and printing parameters on dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of the fabricated parts are yet to be explored. Thus, the present study investigates and compares the influence of key process parameters, including wall thickness (0.6–20 mm), base layer height (0.6–20 mm), and base layer width (0–11.98 mm), on the dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and mechanical performance of 17-4PH stainless steel parts fabricated by BMD and ADAM. Experimental results revealed that ADAM-produced specimens demonstrated superior performance in terms of tensile strength (1003–1135 MPa), compressive strength (1723–1874 MPa), and hardness (40 HRC). These were primarily attributed to their higher relative density (93.2–96.4%) compared to BMD parts (92.4–92.6%). Additionally, increased wall layer thickness positively affected compressive performance. Dimensional errors and surface roughness varied notably across build orientations, with ADAM parts achieving better geometric accuracy. Despite these advancements, both techniques induced porosity in the samples due to suboptimal sintering, emphasizing the need for improved post-processing methods such as hot isostatic pressing. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing low-cost metal AM processes for functional product design and development, bridging the gap between performance and affordability.

Graphical abstract