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<p>This research specifically targets EN31 steel, a high carbon (~ 1.0%) and chromium (~ 1.5%) alloy steel renowned for its exceptional hardness, outstanding wear resistance and good fatigue strength and utilizes the innovative weighted grey- Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) multi-criteria decision-making approach to analyze abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) of EN31 steel. The study focuses on optimizing key process parameters—waterjet pressure (P/25–45 Kpsi), jet traverse speed (Q/1–5&#xa0;mm/min), Abrasive mass flow rate (AMFR/300–700&#xa0;g/min) and stand-off distance (SoD/2–10&#xa0;mm)—to enhance machining performance by minimizing kerf taper angle (KTA) and surface roughness (SR). The research aims to establish parameter combinations that improve precision and surface quality in EN31 steel machining. A Taguchi L25 orthogonal array design guided the experiments, with a weighted grey approach used to determine output parameter weights. SoD emerged as most influential factor, followed by Q. The novel weighted grey–COPRAS approach identified the optimal parameter combination as SoD = 2&#xa0;mm, Q = 5&#xa0;mm/min, AMFR = 400&#xa0;g/min and P = 45 Kpsi. Microscopic analysis (100X) validated AWJM’s cold-cutting nature (no HAZ, only mechanical roughening) but revealed significantly increased corrosion and embedded grit due to water exposure, indicating material susceptibility and necessitating post-process protection.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Multi-criteria optimization of abrasive water jet machining parameters for EN31 steel using novel weighted grey–COPRAS approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月8日

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  • Jayant Raj,
  • S. M. Pandey

摘要

This research specifically targets EN31 steel, a high carbon (~ 1.0%) and chromium (~ 1.5%) alloy steel renowned for its exceptional hardness, outstanding wear resistance and good fatigue strength and utilizes the innovative weighted grey- Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) multi-criteria decision-making approach to analyze abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) of EN31 steel. The study focuses on optimizing key process parameters—waterjet pressure (P/25–45 Kpsi), jet traverse speed (Q/1–5 mm/min), Abrasive mass flow rate (AMFR/300–700 g/min) and stand-off distance (SoD/2–10 mm)—to enhance machining performance by minimizing kerf taper angle (KTA) and surface roughness (SR). The research aims to establish parameter combinations that improve precision and surface quality in EN31 steel machining. A Taguchi L25 orthogonal array design guided the experiments, with a weighted grey approach used to determine output parameter weights. SoD emerged as most influential factor, followed by Q. The novel weighted grey–COPRAS approach identified the optimal parameter combination as SoD = 2 mm, Q = 5 mm/min, AMFR = 400 g/min and P = 45 Kpsi. Microscopic analysis (100X) validated AWJM’s cold-cutting nature (no HAZ, only mechanical roughening) but revealed significantly increased corrosion and embedded grit due to water exposure, indicating material susceptibility and necessitating post-process protection.

Graphical Abstract