A review of reliability and geometrical precision for residual limb contour acquisition by different scanners

Traditional methods for measuring residual limb dimensions lack data-driven precision and are susceptible to human errors. Integrating handheld 3D scanners aims to address these limitations by introducing a data-driven approach. However, the precision of acquiring the surface geometry of residual limbs through 3D scanners may encounter inconsistencies, impacting the reliability of the scanning process. To evaluate the precision of acquisition across different scanners and methodologies for scanning the topography of residual limbs, a comprehensive review was conducted. This methodical investigation sought to identify the most accurate approach for obtaining a 3D acquisition of the residual limb. From a pool of 161 articles, 13 were meticulously selected, considering both the precision and authenticity of the 3D acquisition devices. Several key elements influenced precision, including the limbs under examination, the operator’s expertise, the choice between direct and indirect scanning, and procedural authenticity. Operator expertise emerged as a significant factor, with smaller scan areas and more skilled operators yielding more precise scans. Despite the increasing adoption of 3D acquisition in prosthetics, the findings of this investigation underscore the need for additional studies. The complexity of factors such as the type of limb, operator proficiency, and scanning methodology necessitates further research to enhance our understanding and application of 3D acquisition in the field of prostheses.