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<p>Polycarbonate (PC) is known for its outstanding transparency and impact resistance; however, there is a growing need to improve its flame retardancy while preserving these key properties. Herein, a high-transparency flame-retardant coating was synthesized using tris(acryloxyethyl) phosphate (TAEP) and bis-functional (hydroxypropyl methacrylate) piperazine (DHMP) through a photocuring process. By optimizing the TAEP-to-DHMP ratio, the coated PC achieved excellent fire resistance without sacrificing optical clarity. All coatings demonstrated good adhesion levels (5B), surface hardness (6H), and transparency. In particular, the PC sample with photocurable coating prepared by TAEP and DHMP in a 2:1 ratio (PC-TA/DH2) showed a significant reduction in peak heat release rate in cone calorimeter tests (CCT), demonstrating a reduction of 43.2% lower than that of neat PC. In the fire resistance tests involving thermal shock from a butane torch flame, the PC-TA/DH2 sample demonstrated the longest fireproof time, being 70% longer than that of PC. Moreover, the PC-TA/DH2 sample developed a highly expanded char structure with few cracks thanks to the phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic effects after CCT. This work provides an applied approach to make functional flame-retardant coatings for PC.</p>

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Transparent photocurable coatings based on phosphate ester/piperazine structure to enhance the flame retardancy of PC

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Jiahui Wang,
  • Weijie Zhang,
  • Jing Zhan,
  • Weiyi Xing,
  • Tao Yu,
  • Ju Liu,
  • Wenjie Wei

摘要

Polycarbonate (PC) is known for its outstanding transparency and impact resistance; however, there is a growing need to improve its flame retardancy while preserving these key properties. Herein, a high-transparency flame-retardant coating was synthesized using tris(acryloxyethyl) phosphate (TAEP) and bis-functional (hydroxypropyl methacrylate) piperazine (DHMP) through a photocuring process. By optimizing the TAEP-to-DHMP ratio, the coated PC achieved excellent fire resistance without sacrificing optical clarity. All coatings demonstrated good adhesion levels (5B), surface hardness (6H), and transparency. In particular, the PC sample with photocurable coating prepared by TAEP and DHMP in a 2:1 ratio (PC-TA/DH2) showed a significant reduction in peak heat release rate in cone calorimeter tests (CCT), demonstrating a reduction of 43.2% lower than that of neat PC. In the fire resistance tests involving thermal shock from a butane torch flame, the PC-TA/DH2 sample demonstrated the longest fireproof time, being 70% longer than that of PC. Moreover, the PC-TA/DH2 sample developed a highly expanded char structure with few cracks thanks to the phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic effects after CCT. This work provides an applied approach to make functional flame-retardant coatings for PC.