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<p>The UV-curable multi-functional urethane acrylate resin (MUA) was prepared through a condensation reaction using isophorone diisocyanate and pentaerythritol triacrylate. The TiO<sub>2</sub> was synthesized via a non-aqueous sol-gel process and then modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate not only to&#xa0;contain hydrophobic groups for increased compatibility with MUA resin but also to&#xa0;enhance the refractive index of the resins. Traditional composite materials have a bi-component structure, combining organic and inorganic components. The interaction at the organic-inorganic interface mainly relies on physical forces like van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding, which are relatively weak compared to covalent or ionic bonds. Consequently, the mechanical properties of these materials depend on the interface strength and the contact area between the organic and inorganic components. In contrast, hybrid materials differ from composite materials in combining organic and inorganic substances at the nanometer scale, creating a molecular-level composite material. Combining van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and chemical bonding, hybrid materials overcome the macroscopic phase separation observed in traditional composite materials. This allows them to exhibit the characteristics of both organic and inorganic materials, meeting the requirements for high-performance materials. The highest refractive index of the organic–inorganic hybrid material can reach 1.71.</p>

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Synthesis of UV-curable urethane acrylate–TiO2 hybrid films with enhanced refractive index and optical clarity via sol–gel and surface modification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Kuan Liang Liu,
  • Jin Lin Han,
  • Kuo Huang Hsieh

摘要

The UV-curable multi-functional urethane acrylate resin (MUA) was prepared through a condensation reaction using isophorone diisocyanate and pentaerythritol triacrylate. The TiO2 was synthesized via a non-aqueous sol-gel process and then modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate not only to contain hydrophobic groups for increased compatibility with MUA resin but also to enhance the refractive index of the resins. Traditional composite materials have a bi-component structure, combining organic and inorganic components. The interaction at the organic-inorganic interface mainly relies on physical forces like van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding, which are relatively weak compared to covalent or ionic bonds. Consequently, the mechanical properties of these materials depend on the interface strength and the contact area between the organic and inorganic components. In contrast, hybrid materials differ from composite materials in combining organic and inorganic substances at the nanometer scale, creating a molecular-level composite material. Combining van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and chemical bonding, hybrid materials overcome the macroscopic phase separation observed in traditional composite materials. This allows them to exhibit the characteristics of both organic and inorganic materials, meeting the requirements for high-performance materials. The highest refractive index of the organic–inorganic hybrid material can reach 1.71.