<p>MXenes, known for their unique properties and versatility, have garnered massive applications in fields such as energy storage, water purification, and fire-retardancy. However, while highly effective, MXenes raise significant concerns regarding toxicity, environmental impact, and synthesis methods, which often involve hazardous chemicals. In response, incorporating bio-based additives (derived from plant or animal sources) emerges as a promising strategy to enhance MXene effectiveness, mitigate toxicity, and promote sustainable practices. This review explores the synergistic potential of combining MXene with bio-derived materials, including plant-based additives like lignin, cellulose, and soy protein, and animal-based counterparts such as DNA, casein, and chitosan. These combinations have demonstrated significant improvements in flame retardancy, with peak heat release rate (PHRR) reductions of up to 83%, total heat release (THR) reductions of 69%, and total smoke release (TSR) reductions exceeding 85%. Additionally, MXene-bio composites have achieved limiting oxygen index (LOI) values surpassing 45%, highlighting their enhanced thermal stability and self-extinguishing properties. Beyond their fire-retardant benefits, these materials also contribute to a reduced environmental footprint by replacing synthetic additives with biodegradable and renewable components. Additionally, the review addresses critical challenges, such as developing scalable, eco-friendly synthesis methods and navigating regulatory requirements, aiming to provide a comprehensive perspective on advancing MXene-bio composites toward sustainable fire-retardant applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>