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<p>This study isolated protein fractions from soluble Antarctic krill (<i>Euphausia superba</i>) and evaluated their antifreeze and cryoprotective effects on <i>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</i>. Three fractions (SAKP-1, SAKP-2, SAKP-3) were obtained via ion-exchange chromatography, each displaying distinct structural features. SAKP-1 was characterized by high proline content and low α-helix content (9.77%). In contrast, SAKP-2 exhibited higher α-helix content (36.11%) and greater surface hydrophobicity. SAKP-3 showed moderate α-helix content (27.90%) and intermediate hydrophobicity. Correspondingly, SAKP-2 showed the highest thermal hysteresis (0.45&#xa0;°C) and ice recrystallization inhibition activity among the three fractions. In cryoprotection assays, SAKP-2 improved the survival of <i>L. bulgaricus</i> after freeze–thaw cycles, reaching a survival rate of 73.86%, which was comparable to that with 10% glycerol. Moreover, SAKP-2 treatment preserved membrane integrity, maintained metabolic activity, and improved fermentation performance of the bacteria. These findings identify SAKP-2 as a promising natural cryoprotectant and provide a strategy for the high-value utilization of Antarctic krill.</p>

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Isolation and Screening of Antifreeze Fractions from Soluble Antarctic Krill Proteins and Their Cryoprotective Effect on Lactobacillus bulgaricus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Shiying Tang,
  • Haiquan Liu,
  • Yufeng Li,
  • Qiaohui Zeng,
  • Yong Zhao,
  • Jing Jing Wang

摘要

This study isolated protein fractions from soluble Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and evaluated their antifreeze and cryoprotective effects on Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Three fractions (SAKP-1, SAKP-2, SAKP-3) were obtained via ion-exchange chromatography, each displaying distinct structural features. SAKP-1 was characterized by high proline content and low α-helix content (9.77%). In contrast, SAKP-2 exhibited higher α-helix content (36.11%) and greater surface hydrophobicity. SAKP-3 showed moderate α-helix content (27.90%) and intermediate hydrophobicity. Correspondingly, SAKP-2 showed the highest thermal hysteresis (0.45 °C) and ice recrystallization inhibition activity among the three fractions. In cryoprotection assays, SAKP-2 improved the survival of L. bulgaricus after freeze–thaw cycles, reaching a survival rate of 73.86%, which was comparable to that with 10% glycerol. Moreover, SAKP-2 treatment preserved membrane integrity, maintained metabolic activity, and improved fermentation performance of the bacteria. These findings identify SAKP-2 as a promising natural cryoprotectant and provide a strategy for the high-value utilization of Antarctic krill.