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<p>The increasing demand for sustainable and biodegradable food packaging has led to the development of biopolymeric films using green ingredients and strategies. Adipic acid (ADA) has emerged as a promising green crosslinker, capable of enhancing the performance of these films due to its biocompatibility and effectiveness. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of ADA, detailing its chemistry, synthesis methods, and functional properties. The review also examines various types of biopolymeric films crosslinked by ADA, including those based on polysaccharides, proteins, and biopolyesters. The crosslinking mechanism of ADA, influenced by factors such as content, temperature, and pH, is explored to highlight its impact on the microstructure, thermal, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films. Besides, practical applications of ADA-crosslinked films in packaging for fruits, vegetables, dairy, and meat products are discussed, alongside their potential in coatings and nanofibers. Finally, safety and regulatory considerations, including global standards and migration studies, are critically assessed to ensure the compliance and consumer safety of ADA. In conclusion, ADA, when derived through green or bio-based synthesis routes, offers potential as a more sustainable crosslinking agent. Its incorporation significantly improves the performance of biopolymeric films, presenting promising opportunities for advanced food packaging, particularly as greener production methods evolve.</p>

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Emerging Applications of Adipic Acid in Enhancing Biopolymeric Food Packaging Performance and Sustainability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Nazila Oladzadabbasabadi,
  • Reza Abedi-Firoozjah,
  • Milad Tavassoli,
  • Mina Dokouhaki,
  • Elham Assadpour,
  • Seid Mahdi Jafari

摘要

The increasing demand for sustainable and biodegradable food packaging has led to the development of biopolymeric films using green ingredients and strategies. Adipic acid (ADA) has emerged as a promising green crosslinker, capable of enhancing the performance of these films due to its biocompatibility and effectiveness. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of ADA, detailing its chemistry, synthesis methods, and functional properties. The review also examines various types of biopolymeric films crosslinked by ADA, including those based on polysaccharides, proteins, and biopolyesters. The crosslinking mechanism of ADA, influenced by factors such as content, temperature, and pH, is explored to highlight its impact on the microstructure, thermal, barrier, and mechanical properties of the films. Besides, practical applications of ADA-crosslinked films in packaging for fruits, vegetables, dairy, and meat products are discussed, alongside their potential in coatings and nanofibers. Finally, safety and regulatory considerations, including global standards and migration studies, are critically assessed to ensure the compliance and consumer safety of ADA. In conclusion, ADA, when derived through green or bio-based synthesis routes, offers potential as a more sustainable crosslinking agent. Its incorporation significantly improves the performance of biopolymeric films, presenting promising opportunities for advanced food packaging, particularly as greener production methods evolve.