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<p>Blueberry processing generates substantial pomace by-products, which, if discarded, contribute to environmental pollution and resource waste. Rich in pectin, blueberry pomace offers potential for high-value utilization aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. This study introduces a novel radio frequency–assisted extraction (RFAE) system combining citric acid and cellulase to enhance pectin recovery from blueberry pomace. The effects on physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and volatile compounds were systematically evaluated. Optimal extraction conditions were identified as a solid–liquid ratio of 1:30&#xa0;g/mL, a radio frequency time of 70&#xa0;min, a plate spacing of 12.5&#xa0;cm, and a cellulase content of 7%, yielding 3.83% pectin. Compared to traditional acid hydrolysis (AH), the RFAE-extracted pectin demonstrated significant improvements in key measured parameters: a higher degree of esterification (66.28 ± 0.89% compared to 62.63 ± 0.42%), a higher total phenolic content (18.35 ± 0.60 compared to 13.86 ± 0.37&#xa0;mg GAE/g). It possessed superior color and enhanced antioxidant activity at equivalent concentrations. After GC–IMS analysis, its volatile components are more abundant. Although galacturonic acid content was slightly lower, the overall functionality was enhanced. This integrated approach leverages the efficient energy transfer of radio frequency, the mild acidity of citric acid, and the enzymatic action of cellulase to overcome the limitations of conventional methods. It offers a green, efficient strategy for valorizing blueberry pomace (BP) and advancing sustainable pectin extraction technologies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Impact of Radio Frequency–Assisted Cellulase Extraction on Physicochemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity, and Volatile Profile of Blueberry Pomace Pectic Polysaccharide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • Dan Liu,
  • Guoqiang Zhang,
  • Mustapha Muhammad Nasiru,
  • Benu Adhikari,
  • Jicheng Xu,
  • Chunyang Li

摘要

Blueberry processing generates substantial pomace by-products, which, if discarded, contribute to environmental pollution and resource waste. Rich in pectin, blueberry pomace offers potential for high-value utilization aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. This study introduces a novel radio frequency–assisted extraction (RFAE) system combining citric acid and cellulase to enhance pectin recovery from blueberry pomace. The effects on physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and volatile compounds were systematically evaluated. Optimal extraction conditions were identified as a solid–liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, a radio frequency time of 70 min, a plate spacing of 12.5 cm, and a cellulase content of 7%, yielding 3.83% pectin. Compared to traditional acid hydrolysis (AH), the RFAE-extracted pectin demonstrated significant improvements in key measured parameters: a higher degree of esterification (66.28 ± 0.89% compared to 62.63 ± 0.42%), a higher total phenolic content (18.35 ± 0.60 compared to 13.86 ± 0.37 mg GAE/g). It possessed superior color and enhanced antioxidant activity at equivalent concentrations. After GC–IMS analysis, its volatile components are more abundant. Although galacturonic acid content was slightly lower, the overall functionality was enhanced. This integrated approach leverages the efficient energy transfer of radio frequency, the mild acidity of citric acid, and the enzymatic action of cellulase to overcome the limitations of conventional methods. It offers a green, efficient strategy for valorizing blueberry pomace (BP) and advancing sustainable pectin extraction technologies.

Graphical Abstract