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<p><i>Poria cocos</i> is a widely used edible and medicinal fungus rich in bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effects of a novel carbon crystal heating-assisted pulse vacuum drying (CCH-PVD) method on the drying behavior and quality attributes of stress-sweated <i>Poria cocos</i> cubes. The effects of drying temperature, vacuum pressure duration (t<sub>VPD</sub>), and atmospheric pressure duration (t<sub>APD</sub>) on physicochemical properties, bioactive compound retention, antioxidant capacity, and microstructure were systematically investigated. Results showed that the drying kinetics were sensitive to these parameters, with drying time ranging from 254 to 496 min. The activation energy was 37.61 kJ/mol. Volume shrinkage ratio and hardness increased with prolonged drying time, while color parameters remained largely unchanged. Microstructural analysis showed that CCH-PVD samples exhibited a denser and more uniform pore structure than those dried by hot air drying (HAD). XRD revealed crystallinity changes, and FTIR confirmed structure stability. Compared with HAD, CCH-PVD increased the contents of water-soluble polysaccharides by 24.60%, total triterpenoids by 45.40%, and alcohol-soluble extracts by 23.69%. Antioxidant activities, as assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays, increased by 56.10% and 7.54%, respectively. The highest comprehensive quality score was achieved at 65&#xa0;°C with a t<sub>VPD</sub> of 9&#xa0;min and a t<sub>APD</sub> of 6&#xa0;min. Moreover, an optimal extreme learning machine model with a 4–16-1 topology structure was developed to predict change in moisture content of <i>Poria cocos</i> cubes and showed acceptable performance. These findings highlight CCH-PVD as a promising alternative to conventional drying, offering higher efficiency and better bioactive compound retention for industrial <i>Poria cocos</i> processing.</p>

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Enhancement of Physicochemical Properties of Poria Cocos Cubes by Pulse Cycle Vacuum Drying with Carbon Crystal Heating and Moisture Prediction by ELM

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • Shan-Yu Wang,
  • Zhi-Jiang Wang,
  • Xiao-Qiang Jia,
  • Hong-Wei Xiao,
  • Hafiz A. R. Suleria,
  • Zhi-An Zheng,
  • Zi-Liang Liu

摘要

Poria cocos is a widely used edible and medicinal fungus rich in bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effects of a novel carbon crystal heating-assisted pulse vacuum drying (CCH-PVD) method on the drying behavior and quality attributes of stress-sweated Poria cocos cubes. The effects of drying temperature, vacuum pressure duration (tVPD), and atmospheric pressure duration (tAPD) on physicochemical properties, bioactive compound retention, antioxidant capacity, and microstructure were systematically investigated. Results showed that the drying kinetics were sensitive to these parameters, with drying time ranging from 254 to 496 min. The activation energy was 37.61 kJ/mol. Volume shrinkage ratio and hardness increased with prolonged drying time, while color parameters remained largely unchanged. Microstructural analysis showed that CCH-PVD samples exhibited a denser and more uniform pore structure than those dried by hot air drying (HAD). XRD revealed crystallinity changes, and FTIR confirmed structure stability. Compared with HAD, CCH-PVD increased the contents of water-soluble polysaccharides by 24.60%, total triterpenoids by 45.40%, and alcohol-soluble extracts by 23.69%. Antioxidant activities, as assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays, increased by 56.10% and 7.54%, respectively. The highest comprehensive quality score was achieved at 65 °C with a tVPD of 9 min and a tAPD of 6 min. Moreover, an optimal extreme learning machine model with a 4–16-1 topology structure was developed to predict change in moisture content of Poria cocos cubes and showed acceptable performance. These findings highlight CCH-PVD as a promising alternative to conventional drying, offering higher efficiency and better bioactive compound retention for industrial Poria cocos processing.