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<p>The development of scalable and efficient antimicrobial food packaging solutions is critical for food safety, especially in addressing pathogenic bacterial contamination. This study highlights the use of ultrasonic spray coating (USC) technology, which provides a high-yield, scalable, and roll-to-roll compatible method for producing coatings with consistent quality and minimal material waste. Bacteriophages were explored as antimicrobial agents in food packaging due to their specificity and ability to remain active over time when embedded in biopolymer matrices, which can support a gradual and sustained antimicrobial effect. A phage cocktail targeting <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> was incorporated into sodium alginate-based solutions to create antimicrobial films and coatings. Phage FSB24, targeting <i>P. fluorescens</i>, belongs to the <i>Studiervirinae</i> subfamily and <i>Pifdecavirus</i> genus, while phage North, targeting <i>E. coli</i>, is part of the <i>Straboviridae</i> family and <i>Krischvirus</i> genus. Phage-infused sodium alginate solutions were processed into cast films and coatings on paper and polystyrene substrates using USC technology. The materials were evaluated for phage load, physical properties (thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability, swelling index), chemical interactions (FTIR), surface morphology (SEM), and antimicrobial activity. The results showed that phage inclusion did not alter the physical properties compared to control samples. Phage FSB24 demonstrated superior antimicrobial performance against <i>P. fluorescens</i>, while phage North was effective against <i>E. coli</i>. This study demonstrates the potential of sodium alginate-based films and coatings containing bacteriophages, produced by USC technology, as effective, scalable solutions for antimicrobial food packaging, enhancing food safety and preventing bacterial contamination.</p>

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Phage-Enhanced Materials: Antimicrobial Films and Coatings Targeting Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月23日

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  • Fernanda Coelho,
  • Victor Gomes Lauriano de Souza,
  • Lorenzo Pastrana,
  • Sanna Sillankorva,
  • Valtencir Zucolotto

摘要

The development of scalable and efficient antimicrobial food packaging solutions is critical for food safety, especially in addressing pathogenic bacterial contamination. This study highlights the use of ultrasonic spray coating (USC) technology, which provides a high-yield, scalable, and roll-to-roll compatible method for producing coatings with consistent quality and minimal material waste. Bacteriophages were explored as antimicrobial agents in food packaging due to their specificity and ability to remain active over time when embedded in biopolymer matrices, which can support a gradual and sustained antimicrobial effect. A phage cocktail targeting Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens was incorporated into sodium alginate-based solutions to create antimicrobial films and coatings. Phage FSB24, targeting P. fluorescens, belongs to the Studiervirinae subfamily and Pifdecavirus genus, while phage North, targeting E. coli, is part of the Straboviridae family and Krischvirus genus. Phage-infused sodium alginate solutions were processed into cast films and coatings on paper and polystyrene substrates using USC technology. The materials were evaluated for phage load, physical properties (thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability, swelling index), chemical interactions (FTIR), surface morphology (SEM), and antimicrobial activity. The results showed that phage inclusion did not alter the physical properties compared to control samples. Phage FSB24 demonstrated superior antimicrobial performance against P. fluorescens, while phage North was effective against E. coli. This study demonstrates the potential of sodium alginate-based films and coatings containing bacteriophages, produced by USC technology, as effective, scalable solutions for antimicrobial food packaging, enhancing food safety and preventing bacterial contamination.