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<p>This study investigates the impact of plasma-activated water (PAW) on the sprouting behavior and physicochemical properties of pea seeds. Potable water was treated with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma under atmospheric pressure with two gas compositions: simulated air (80% N₂, 20% O₂) and modified air (90% N₂, 10% O₂), producing atmospheric PAW (APAW) and modified atmospheric PAW (MAPAW), respectively. Treatment durations ranged from 1 to 10&#xa0;min. PAW treatment significantly altered the physicochemical profile of water, increasing electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), and the concentrations of nitrite (NO₂⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and ozone (O₃), while lowering pH. Notably, nitrate concentrations increased nearly 17-fold after 10&#xa0;min of plasma exposure, regardless of gas composition. Pea seeds treated with APAW and MAPAW demonstrated enhanced germination, with APAW4 and MAPAW4 (i.e., 4&#xa0;min of exposure time) increasing germination rates by up to 75% compared to controls. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the removal of the hydrophobic waxy layer and surface roughening, potentially facilitating water absorption and sprouting. PAW was effective in increasing the germination percentage of pea seeds and showed no significant effects on the antioxidant capacities, phenol content, flavonoid content, and GABA. These findings highlight the potential of PAW as a non-thermal, chemical-free approach to improve seed sprouting.</p>

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Enhancing Pea Seed Sprouting and Quality with Plasma-Activated Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Sri Sai Jaya Chandra Gone,
  • Rakesh K. Singh

摘要

This study investigates the impact of plasma-activated water (PAW) on the sprouting behavior and physicochemical properties of pea seeds. Potable water was treated with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma under atmospheric pressure with two gas compositions: simulated air (80% N₂, 20% O₂) and modified air (90% N₂, 10% O₂), producing atmospheric PAW (APAW) and modified atmospheric PAW (MAPAW), respectively. Treatment durations ranged from 1 to 10 min. PAW treatment significantly altered the physicochemical profile of water, increasing electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), and the concentrations of nitrite (NO₂⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and ozone (O₃), while lowering pH. Notably, nitrate concentrations increased nearly 17-fold after 10 min of plasma exposure, regardless of gas composition. Pea seeds treated with APAW and MAPAW demonstrated enhanced germination, with APAW4 and MAPAW4 (i.e., 4 min of exposure time) increasing germination rates by up to 75% compared to controls. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the removal of the hydrophobic waxy layer and surface roughening, potentially facilitating water absorption and sprouting. PAW was effective in increasing the germination percentage of pea seeds and showed no significant effects on the antioxidant capacities, phenol content, flavonoid content, and GABA. These findings highlight the potential of PAW as a non-thermal, chemical-free approach to improve seed sprouting.