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<p>The objectives of the present experiment were to fabricate aerogels based on gelatin-sodium alginate (GL-SA) containing cellulose nanofibers (CNF, 1.5%) and encapsulated&#xa0;<i>Echinacea angustifolia</i>&#xa0;extract (EAE, 5.5%) into the kappa-carrageenan nanofibers and investigate their potential application of designated intelligent aerogels to monitor the silver carp fillet freshness over a 6-day period at refrigerated conditions. The GL-SA-EAE 5.5% and GL-SA-EAE 5.5%-CNF 1.5% aerogels presented distinguishable color changes at pH 1–2, 3–6, 7, 8, and 9–10, which were light red, red, dark violet, green, and yellow–brown, respectively, and were highly sensitive to volatile ammonia. The GL-SA-EAE 5.5%-CNF 1.5% aerogel showed the highest thermal stability (residual mass content = 27%) and maximum stress (13.51&#xa0;MPa), while having the lowest moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor sorption capacity, recorded at 0.12%, 14.15%, and 0.17%, respectively. The colorimetric GL-SA-EAE 5.5% and GL-SA-EAE 5.5%-CNF 1.5% aerogels indicated different colors (from white to dark violet) to represent the spoilage of silver carp fillets as the pH, total volatile basic nitrogen content, total viable count, and psychrotrophic bacterial count were determined to be 7.12, 25.89&#xa0;mg N/100&#xa0;g, 7.10 log CFU/g, and 6.16 log CFU/g, respectively.</p>

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Intelligent Aerogels Based on Gelatin-Sodium Alginate Containing Tempo Cellulose Nanofibers and Encapsulated Echinacea angustifolia Petal Extract into the Kappa-Carrageenan Nanofibers to Monitor the Freshness of Silver Carp Fillets

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Fatemeh Fakhrghasemi,
  • Nassim Shavisi,
  • Yasser Shahbazi,
  • Hossein Yousefi,
  • Aman Ullah

摘要

The objectives of the present experiment were to fabricate aerogels based on gelatin-sodium alginate (GL-SA) containing cellulose nanofibers (CNF, 1.5%) and encapsulated Echinacea angustifolia extract (EAE, 5.5%) into the kappa-carrageenan nanofibers and investigate their potential application of designated intelligent aerogels to monitor the silver carp fillet freshness over a 6-day period at refrigerated conditions. The GL-SA-EAE 5.5% and GL-SA-EAE 5.5%-CNF 1.5% aerogels presented distinguishable color changes at pH 1–2, 3–6, 7, 8, and 9–10, which were light red, red, dark violet, green, and yellow–brown, respectively, and were highly sensitive to volatile ammonia. The GL-SA-EAE 5.5%-CNF 1.5% aerogel showed the highest thermal stability (residual mass content = 27%) and maximum stress (13.51 MPa), while having the lowest moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor sorption capacity, recorded at 0.12%, 14.15%, and 0.17%, respectively. The colorimetric GL-SA-EAE 5.5% and GL-SA-EAE 5.5%-CNF 1.5% aerogels indicated different colors (from white to dark violet) to represent the spoilage of silver carp fillets as the pH, total volatile basic nitrogen content, total viable count, and psychrotrophic bacterial count were determined to be 7.12, 25.89 mg N/100 g, 7.10 log CFU/g, and 6.16 log CFU/g, respectively.