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Purpose of Review <p>Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasingly recognised as a significant risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. This review critically examines the link between OSA and cognitive impairment, with a focus on individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. It also assesses the effectiveness of OSA treatments in mitigating cognitive deterioration, considering factors such as treatment adherence and economic implications.</p> Recent Findings <p>Emerging evidence suggests a strong association between OSA and cognitive impairment, with hypoxaemia and nocturnal hypoxia playing key roles in cognitive decline. Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy shows promise in improving cognitive outcomes, particularly in individuals with MCI, though its efficacy in advanced dementia remains uncertain. Adherence rates to PAP therapy among older adults with cognitive impairment are comparable to those in the general population. However, variability in study methodologies and populations limits definitive conclusions.</p> Summary <p>OSA is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, but further research is needed to determine the long-term cognitive benefits of treatment. Future studies should emphasise early detection, optimise adherence strategies, and explore cost-effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, especially for older adults with cognitive impairment.</p>

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Should we Treat Sleep Apnoea to Prevent Dementia?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Nikita Gurbani,
  • Sharon Naismith,
  • Ivana Rosenzweig,
  • Panagis Drakatos,
  • Aaron Lam

摘要

Purpose of Review

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasingly recognised as a significant risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. This review critically examines the link between OSA and cognitive impairment, with a focus on individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. It also assesses the effectiveness of OSA treatments in mitigating cognitive deterioration, considering factors such as treatment adherence and economic implications.

Recent Findings

Emerging evidence suggests a strong association between OSA and cognitive impairment, with hypoxaemia and nocturnal hypoxia playing key roles in cognitive decline. Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy shows promise in improving cognitive outcomes, particularly in individuals with MCI, though its efficacy in advanced dementia remains uncertain. Adherence rates to PAP therapy among older adults with cognitive impairment are comparable to those in the general population. However, variability in study methodologies and populations limits definitive conclusions.

Summary

OSA is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, but further research is needed to determine the long-term cognitive benefits of treatment. Future studies should emphasise early detection, optimise adherence strategies, and explore cost-effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, especially for older adults with cognitive impairment.