Fatigue in Cholestatic Liver Disease: A Review of Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Management
摘要
Fatigue is a prevalent and disabling symptom in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Despite its profound impact on quality of life, fatigue remains under-recognized and difficult to manage. This review synthesizes evidence on its mechanisms and non-pharmacological management approaches.
Recent FindingsFatigue pathogenesis involves central and peripheral mechanisms, gut-liver-brain axis dysfunction, and psychosocial influences. Non-pharmacological strategies such as structured exercise programs, cognitive-behavioral and acceptance-based therapies, somatic mind-body techniques (breathwork, meditation, mindful movement), and nutrition, have shown medium to large effect sizes for fatigue reduction across chronic conditions, with more recent evidence building in PBC and PSC.
SummaryFatigue in cholestatic liver disease arises from multifactorial mechanisms and requires multimodal management. Systematic screening, exclusion of secondary contributors, and implementation of evidence-based non-pharmacological interventions holds promise to reduce fatigue and improve daily functioning for individuals living with PBC and PSC.