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Purpose of Review <p>Patients with heart failure (HF) experience reduced physical activity (PA) due to fatigue, dyspnea, and psychological or environmental influences. This decline contributes to worsening physical function and prognosis, yet the degree of PA reduction specifically attributable to HF remains unclear. Animal models are essential for understanding HF pathophysiology, but it is uncertain whether they replicate PA changes observed in humans. This scoping review examined PA changes in (1) patients with HF compared with non–HF controls and (2) animal models of HF, focusing on factors contributing to human–animal differences.</p> Recent Findings <p>A systematic search identified 25 human and 20 animal studies. In human studies, objective assessments—including accelerometry, doubly labeled water, and pedometers—consistently demonstrated reduced PA in HF, among stable outpatients. Questionnaire-based assessments were variable, including one study reporting increased PA. In contrast, fewer than half of the animal studies showed reduced PA. Outcomes differed by HF etiology and species: myocardial infarction models, especially in rats, often showed preserved PA, whereas pressure-overload and dilated cardiomyopathy models consistently showed reductions. Differences in HF mechanisms, species&#xa0;physiology, and measurement environments contributed to heterogeneous findings.&#xa0;Psychological and environmental factors—such as disease awareness or fear—may explain the&#xa0;pronounced PA decline in humans, as these influences do not exist in laboratory settings.</p> Summary <p>PA is consistently reduced in patients with HF but less reliably decreased in animal&#xa0;models. These discrepancies highlight limitations in preclinical models and support&#xa0;incorporating behavioral and environmental considerations to improve translational relevance.</p>

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Changes in Physical Activity Following Heart Failure in Humans and Animal Models: A Scoping Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Akinori Kaneguchi,
  • Mahiro Fukunaga,
  • Takuya Umehara

摘要

Purpose of Review

Patients with heart failure (HF) experience reduced physical activity (PA) due to fatigue, dyspnea, and psychological or environmental influences. This decline contributes to worsening physical function and prognosis, yet the degree of PA reduction specifically attributable to HF remains unclear. Animal models are essential for understanding HF pathophysiology, but it is uncertain whether they replicate PA changes observed in humans. This scoping review examined PA changes in (1) patients with HF compared with non–HF controls and (2) animal models of HF, focusing on factors contributing to human–animal differences.

Recent Findings

A systematic search identified 25 human and 20 animal studies. In human studies, objective assessments—including accelerometry, doubly labeled water, and pedometers—consistently demonstrated reduced PA in HF, among stable outpatients. Questionnaire-based assessments were variable, including one study reporting increased PA. In contrast, fewer than half of the animal studies showed reduced PA. Outcomes differed by HF etiology and species: myocardial infarction models, especially in rats, often showed preserved PA, whereas pressure-overload and dilated cardiomyopathy models consistently showed reductions. Differences in HF mechanisms, species physiology, and measurement environments contributed to heterogeneous findings. Psychological and environmental factors—such as disease awareness or fear—may explain the pronounced PA decline in humans, as these influences do not exist in laboratory settings.

Summary

PA is consistently reduced in patients with HF but less reliably decreased in animal models. These discrepancies highlight limitations in preclinical models and support incorporating behavioral and environmental considerations to improve translational relevance.