Police Decision-Making on Legal Responses to Stalking: The Role of Case-Specific and Evaluator-Related Characteristics
摘要
Stalking constitutes a complex and ambiguous criminal offense, which complicates the establishment of a comprehensive legal definition. Consequently, stalking presents significant challenges for investigative and prosecutorial authorities worldwide, as reflected in notably low rates of prosecution and conviction among reported cases. Thus, understanding the decision-making processes of police and legal professionals in stalking cases is of paramount importance. While research on stalking perceptions is relatively extensive, this study represents one of the first experimental explorations into the evaluation of specific police measures and legal consequences in stalking situations. A German sample comprising 212 police students (female = 103, male = 108, diverse = 1; Mdnage = 26–30 years) was presented with four vignettes varying the gender and relationship of victim and perpetrator (stranger, acquaintance, ex-partner with/without physical intimate partner violence). In addition to the case-specific variations, factors related to the evaluator were studied (stalking myths acceptance and professional experience with stalking). Participants assessed the appropriateness of various police measures (e.g., criminal complaints, detention, police warnings) and potential legal outcomes (e.g., conviction, fine, imprisonment, victim-offender mediation). Findings indicate that stalking myths acceptance had a minimal impact. However, both gender and the relationship of victim and perpetrator significantly influenced the evaluations of appropriate police measures and legal outcomes. These results align well with those derived from previous research on stalking perceptions and will be discussed in light of their practical implications for professionals within the criminal justice system.