Purpose of Review <p>The diagnosis of light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA) is often delayed owing to nonspecific clinical symptoms and comorbidities, making early detection and risk stratification essential for early intervention. Activated cardiac fibroblasts play a vital role in cardiac remodeling and cardiac damage progression, leading to heart failure. Emerging imaging modalities visualize fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a marker of activated fibroblasts, enabling non-invasive and accurate measurement of cardiac remodeling for risk stratification. This review summarizes the status of diagnosis and treatment, pathogenic basis of AL-CA, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to assess the potential of gallium 68 (<sup>68</sup>Ga)-labeled FAP inhibitor 04 (<sup>68</sup>Ga-FAPI-04) for AL-CA diagnosis and treatment.</p> Recent Findings <p><sup>68</sup>Ga-FAPI-04 PET/computed tomography (CT) can detect myocardial fibroblast activation in patients with AL-CA, with significant uptake observed in most patients. The degree of activation correlates with cardiac function, morphology, and serum markers, suggesting its utility in prognostic assessments. <sup>68</sup>Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may enable more robust risk stratification and prognostic assessment than that via <sup>18</sup>F-florbetapir PET/CT, underscoring the significance of cardiac fibroblast activation in predicting the outcomes of patients with AL-CA.</p> Summary <p><sup>68</sup>Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT has emerged as a promising tool for diagnosing AL-CA, offering insights into the molecular characteristics of the disease and aiding in clinical decision-making. Existing findings suggest the potential of <sup>68</sup>Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT for enhancing myocardial fibrosis management in AL-CA. Future multicenter trials are warranted to validate these findings and explore the integration of <sup>68</sup>Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT with other imaging modalities to improve the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of patients with AL-CA.</p>

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68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT for the Assessment of Light-Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Promising Risk- Stratification Imaging Modality

  • Yaqi Zheng,
  • Yanlin Wang,
  • Xiaoli Zhang

摘要

Purpose of Review

The diagnosis of light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA) is often delayed owing to nonspecific clinical symptoms and comorbidities, making early detection and risk stratification essential for early intervention. Activated cardiac fibroblasts play a vital role in cardiac remodeling and cardiac damage progression, leading to heart failure. Emerging imaging modalities visualize fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a marker of activated fibroblasts, enabling non-invasive and accurate measurement of cardiac remodeling for risk stratification. This review summarizes the status of diagnosis and treatment, pathogenic basis of AL-CA, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to assess the potential of gallium 68 (68Ga)-labeled FAP inhibitor 04 (68Ga-FAPI-04) for AL-CA diagnosis and treatment.

Recent Findings

68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/computed tomography (CT) can detect myocardial fibroblast activation in patients with AL-CA, with significant uptake observed in most patients. The degree of activation correlates with cardiac function, morphology, and serum markers, suggesting its utility in prognostic assessments. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may enable more robust risk stratification and prognostic assessment than that via 18F-florbetapir PET/CT, underscoring the significance of cardiac fibroblast activation in predicting the outcomes of patients with AL-CA.

Summary

68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT has emerged as a promising tool for diagnosing AL-CA, offering insights into the molecular characteristics of the disease and aiding in clinical decision-making. Existing findings suggest the potential of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT for enhancing myocardial fibrosis management in AL-CA. Future multicenter trials are warranted to validate these findings and explore the integration of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT with other imaging modalities to improve the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of patients with AL-CA.