Inflammation in Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity

In this review we describe the role of inflammation in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity with a particular focus on anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC). First, we discuss inflammation associated with anthracyclines at a cellular level. Next, we discuss the clinical implications of these inflammatory mechanisms for early detection and cardioprotective strategies in patients undergoing anthracycline treatment.

Key inflammatory pathways identified in AIC include cytokine release, upregulation of the innate immune system via toll-like receptors, and activation of the inflammasome. Emerging evidence suggests a role for inflammatory biomarkers in detecting subclinical AIC. Advanced imaging techniques, such as cardiac PET with novel tracers targeting inflammation, may enhance early detection. Both traditional cardioprotective strategies and novel anti-inflammatory therapies show potential in preventing and treating AIC.

Understanding the inflammatory mechanisms involved in AIC provides new opportunities for early detection and targeted cardioprotective strategies in patients undergoing anthracycline treatment and informs our understanding of other forms of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.