Sacral Neuromodulation Without an Implanted Battery
摘要
Sacral neuromodulation has been used for nearly 30 years to manage lower urinary tract symptoms and continues to evolve. Implantable batteries remain a major drawback due to their bulk, patient perception, and need for revision surgeries including eventual replacement due to depletion. Rechargeable systems, although smaller, still have a finite lifetime, and issues related to their more superficial placement, ease of connectivity and recharging demands. They require a separate pocket and degrade over time. Therefore, elimination of an implanted battery while still providing the benefits of SNM is a crucial step in the evolution of this therapy.
Recent FindingsMultiple innovative products have recently been developed to deliver neuromodulation to treat lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without the use of an implantable battery. This is achieved through wireless power transfer in various ways. Neuspera™ offers a novel wireless powering scheme which increases the effective range to make wireless sacral neuromodulation possible which is the subject of an FDA application. Other solutions, such as near-field and acoustic powering, are also under investigation. Blue Wind™ offers an FDA approved product which uses a wireless powering scheme to achieve posterior tibial nerve stimulation without an implantable battery, termed “near-field” powering and familiar to many as a method to wirelessly charge cell phones. Similarly, StimRouter™ offers a wirelessly “near field” powered peripheral nerve stimulator that is not currently FDA approved for a posterior tibial nerve application but is approved for peripheral nerve pain. Finally, UroMedical™ offers a similar “near field” wirelessly powered implantable electrode to stimulate posterior tibial nerve for alleviation of OAB that is not yet FDA approved. Other methods that do not require an implanted electrode include transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous paraspinal neuromodulation for neurogenic bladder, and the Avation™ Vivally Trascutaneous System which uses closed loop feedback to stimulate the posterior tibial nerve wirelessly.
SummaryNeuromodulation has proven effective for more than 2 decades in the treatment of OAB, yet the implantable battery needed to power the electrode apparatus remains a common reason for surgical revision and complications. “Mid field” powering promises improved depth of transmission. There exists one wirelessly powered device that is currently FDA-approved and three are in clinical trials, as well as 3 wireless systems that do not require an implanted electrode.