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Purpose of Review <p>Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through pathways that foster atherosclerosis. This review aims to clarify the relationship between serum vitamin D and peripheral artery disease (PAD), while evaluating the prognostic implications and diagnostic utility of vitamin D deficiency in PAD patients.</p> Recent Findings <p>Patients with PAD, displayed significantly lower serum vitamin D levels compared to non-PAD individuals, mean difference (MD), − 2.12ng/mL (95%CI:–4.13 to − 0.12). Individuals with vitamin D deficiency (&lt; 20 ng/mL) exhibited a higher prevalence of PAD relative to those with insufficient or sufficient levels, odds ratio (OR), 1.52 (95%CI:1.07–2.18). Unadjusted prognostic factor analysis displayed an increased hazard for PAD occurrence among deficient patients, hazard ratio (HR), 1.04 (95%CI:1.02–1.06), an outcome that failed to retain its statistical significance upon parameter adjustment, adjusted HR, 1.01 (95%CI:0.99–1.03). Diagnostic accuracy analysis displayed the poor performance of the 20ng/mL threshold with pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.76 (95%CI:0.55–0.90) and 0.34 (95%CI:0.17–0.57). Further analysis identified a negative predictive value (NPV) of 94% for the 19.65ng/mL threshold, indicating a 6% prevalence of PAD above this cutoff.</p> Summary <p>While this review displayed both decreased vitamin D concentrations for PAD patients and an increased prevalence of PAD among patients with vitamin D deficiency, the prognostic effect of vitamin D on the development of PAD remains inconclusive. Despite the poor performance of vitamin D deficiency as a diagnostic marker, the NPV displayed by the analysis further supports the possible association between vitamin D deficiency and PAD.</p>

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The Association between Vitamin D and Peripheral Arterial Disease and its Value as a Prognostic and Diagnostic Marker A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Alkis Bontinis,
  • Vangelis Bontinis,
  • Georgios A. Pitoulias,
  • Konstantinos Kouskouras,
  • Argirios Giannopoulos,
  • Vasileios Rafailidis,
  • Ioanna Pouliopoulou,
  • Kiriakos Ktenidis

摘要

Purpose of Review

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through pathways that foster atherosclerosis. This review aims to clarify the relationship between serum vitamin D and peripheral artery disease (PAD), while evaluating the prognostic implications and diagnostic utility of vitamin D deficiency in PAD patients.

Recent Findings

Patients with PAD, displayed significantly lower serum vitamin D levels compared to non-PAD individuals, mean difference (MD), − 2.12ng/mL (95%CI:–4.13 to − 0.12). Individuals with vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) exhibited a higher prevalence of PAD relative to those with insufficient or sufficient levels, odds ratio (OR), 1.52 (95%CI:1.07–2.18). Unadjusted prognostic factor analysis displayed an increased hazard for PAD occurrence among deficient patients, hazard ratio (HR), 1.04 (95%CI:1.02–1.06), an outcome that failed to retain its statistical significance upon parameter adjustment, adjusted HR, 1.01 (95%CI:0.99–1.03). Diagnostic accuracy analysis displayed the poor performance of the 20ng/mL threshold with pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.76 (95%CI:0.55–0.90) and 0.34 (95%CI:0.17–0.57). Further analysis identified a negative predictive value (NPV) of 94% for the 19.65ng/mL threshold, indicating a 6% prevalence of PAD above this cutoff.

Summary

While this review displayed both decreased vitamin D concentrations for PAD patients and an increased prevalence of PAD among patients with vitamin D deficiency, the prognostic effect of vitamin D on the development of PAD remains inconclusive. Despite the poor performance of vitamin D deficiency as a diagnostic marker, the NPV displayed by the analysis further supports the possible association between vitamin D deficiency and PAD.