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<p>The Mezquital Valley (Hidalgo, Mexico) faces a severe environmental crisis driven by intense industrial activity and chronic wastewater pollution, factors historically associated with high rates of respiratory and gastrointestinal morbidity. This study assessed the integral biological quality of the air through monitoring and metagenomic profiling of bioaerosols physically associated with PM<sub>10</sub> mass, using high-throughput sequencing of the 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene (for bacteria) and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region (for fungi). The results revealed a high diversity of airborne microbiota with distinct taxonomic signatures reflecting a multi-source origin, including soil resuspension, hydro-aerosolization from contaminated water bodies, and industrial emissions. Multiple genera with significant pathogenic potential were identified, notably bacteria such as <i>Clostridium</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and fungi such as <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i>. The observed physical adhesion of inorganic particles to these biological propagules suggests a dangerous synergy; exposure to this complex mixture may enhance allergenicity and facilitate the deep penetration of pathogens into the respiratory system, thereby exacerbating health risks. These findings demonstrate that the airborne microbiome in industrial basins is a heterogeneous complex shaped by diverse local loads. Our study highlights the need for multifactorial environmental monitoring strategies that consider the interaction between chemical and biological agents to protect public health in the region.</p>

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Metagenomic analysis of bioaerosols (bacteria and fungi) associated with PM10 in the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico: Implications for public health

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • María del Carmen Calderón-Ezquerro,
  • César Guerrero-Guerra,
  • Carolina Brunner-Mendoza,
  • Hilda Adriana Guerrero-Parra

摘要

The Mezquital Valley (Hidalgo, Mexico) faces a severe environmental crisis driven by intense industrial activity and chronic wastewater pollution, factors historically associated with high rates of respiratory and gastrointestinal morbidity. This study assessed the integral biological quality of the air through monitoring and metagenomic profiling of bioaerosols physically associated with PM10 mass, using high-throughput sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene (for bacteria) and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region (for fungi). The results revealed a high diversity of airborne microbiota with distinct taxonomic signatures reflecting a multi-source origin, including soil resuspension, hydro-aerosolization from contaminated water bodies, and industrial emissions. Multiple genera with significant pathogenic potential were identified, notably bacteria such as Clostridium and Pseudomonas, and fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Cladosporium. The observed physical adhesion of inorganic particles to these biological propagules suggests a dangerous synergy; exposure to this complex mixture may enhance allergenicity and facilitate the deep penetration of pathogens into the respiratory system, thereby exacerbating health risks. These findings demonstrate that the airborne microbiome in industrial basins is a heterogeneous complex shaped by diverse local loads. Our study highlights the need for multifactorial environmental monitoring strategies that consider the interaction between chemical and biological agents to protect public health in the region.