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<p>Street dust serves as the source and sink for heavy metals, which may enter the human body and threaten their health, particularly in megacities. Street dust samples were collected from industrial, residential, educational, commercial, and park areas in Beijing, China, during spring and winter to investigate the contents and seasonal variations of eight heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg) in street dust. The study aimed to assess heavy metal pollution using the geo-accumulation index (<i>I</i><sub>geo</sub>) and ecological indices, identify pollution sources via multivariate statistical analysis, and evaluate the potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for children and adults through human health risk assessment. The concentrations of elements such as Zn and Pb vary markedly across seasons. Among the eight heavy metals, As and Pb exhibited higher concentrations in winter than in spring, whereas Cr, Zn, and Ni displayed the opposite seasonal trend. Except for Ni and As, the mean concentrations of the remaining heavy metals in street dust exceeded the background values of local soil. The descending order of heavy metal concentrations in functional areas is IA (Industrial area) &gt; CA (Commercial area) &gt; EA (Educational area) &gt; RA (Residential area) &gt; PA (Park area). The source apportionment indicated that heavy metals in street dust originated primarily from mixed natural, industrial, and traffic-related sources. Both the geo-accumulation index and potential pollution index showed that heavy metal pollution levels varied across functional areas, ranging from unpolluted to moderately to heavily polluted. Health risk assessment suggested no significant non carcinogenic or carcinogenic risks to children or adults from heavy metal exposure; however, the industrial area presented the highest levels among the five functional areas. These findings will provide baseline data to support authorities in developing effective pollution control measures to protect public health from potentially toxic elements in urban street dust.</p>

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Heavy metals in street dust in Beijing, China: seasonal and spatial variations, pollution characteristics and health risk assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Haiyan Feng,
  • Ke Yang,
  • Xiangnan Yu,
  • Xinhao Chen,
  • Lianming Yu,
  • Fei Xue,
  • Danyu Yang

摘要

Street dust serves as the source and sink for heavy metals, which may enter the human body and threaten their health, particularly in megacities. Street dust samples were collected from industrial, residential, educational, commercial, and park areas in Beijing, China, during spring and winter to investigate the contents and seasonal variations of eight heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg) in street dust. The study aimed to assess heavy metal pollution using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and ecological indices, identify pollution sources via multivariate statistical analysis, and evaluate the potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for children and adults through human health risk assessment. The concentrations of elements such as Zn and Pb vary markedly across seasons. Among the eight heavy metals, As and Pb exhibited higher concentrations in winter than in spring, whereas Cr, Zn, and Ni displayed the opposite seasonal trend. Except for Ni and As, the mean concentrations of the remaining heavy metals in street dust exceeded the background values of local soil. The descending order of heavy metal concentrations in functional areas is IA (Industrial area) > CA (Commercial area) > EA (Educational area) > RA (Residential area) > PA (Park area). The source apportionment indicated that heavy metals in street dust originated primarily from mixed natural, industrial, and traffic-related sources. Both the geo-accumulation index and potential pollution index showed that heavy metal pollution levels varied across functional areas, ranging from unpolluted to moderately to heavily polluted. Health risk assessment suggested no significant non carcinogenic or carcinogenic risks to children or adults from heavy metal exposure; however, the industrial area presented the highest levels among the five functional areas. These findings will provide baseline data to support authorities in developing effective pollution control measures to protect public health from potentially toxic elements in urban street dust.