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<p>O<sub>3</sub> and HCHO (Formaldehyde) exceedances occur periodically in Australian cities such as Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. This study constructed spatio-temporal distribution patterns of pollutants in Australia based on daily O₃-HCHO data from 2012 to 2021. Influencing factors were examined using big data, slope-hurst analysis, and GTWR (geotemporally weighted regression) methods, while the Ben-Map model assessed health risk benefits of ozone reduction in Australia. The findings indicate: (1) Spatially, high-concentration area for both ozone and formaldehyde are distributed across southeastern Australia, with HCHO predominantly classified as Grade 4, Grade 3, and Grade 5.(2) Analysis of time series and trends indicates: ozone concentrations follow the pattern: winter &gt; spring &gt; autumn &gt; summer, with a monthly average of 249.57 DU and an overall increasing trend; The maximum formaldehyde concentration occurs during summer, with a monthly average of 11.31 × 10¹⁵ molec/cm², exhibiting a predominantly decreasing trend. (3) Among natural sources, NDVI (normalised vegetation index), MC(moisture content) and T(temperature) exert the greatest influence on O<sub>3</sub>-HCHO; amongst human activities, coal, oil and gas represent the primary contributing sources. (4) There was an overall decreasing trend in premature deaths due to ozone pollution in Australia, with the average number of deaths: all-cause (1105) &gt; cardiovascular disease (703) &gt; respiratory disease (430). The above research provides crucial theoretical support for the Australian government to enhance regional atmospheric environmental quality and public health benefits.</p>

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Pollution characteristics of O3-HCHO in australia: Spatiotemporal Trends, Drivers, and health impacts using GTWR

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Cheng Huang,
  • Zhenming Ji

摘要

O3 and HCHO (Formaldehyde) exceedances occur periodically in Australian cities such as Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. This study constructed spatio-temporal distribution patterns of pollutants in Australia based on daily O₃-HCHO data from 2012 to 2021. Influencing factors were examined using big data, slope-hurst analysis, and GTWR (geotemporally weighted regression) methods, while the Ben-Map model assessed health risk benefits of ozone reduction in Australia. The findings indicate: (1) Spatially, high-concentration area for both ozone and formaldehyde are distributed across southeastern Australia, with HCHO predominantly classified as Grade 4, Grade 3, and Grade 5.(2) Analysis of time series and trends indicates: ozone concentrations follow the pattern: winter > spring > autumn > summer, with a monthly average of 249.57 DU and an overall increasing trend; The maximum formaldehyde concentration occurs during summer, with a monthly average of 11.31 × 10¹⁵ molec/cm², exhibiting a predominantly decreasing trend. (3) Among natural sources, NDVI (normalised vegetation index), MC(moisture content) and T(temperature) exert the greatest influence on O3-HCHO; amongst human activities, coal, oil and gas represent the primary contributing sources. (4) There was an overall decreasing trend in premature deaths due to ozone pollution in Australia, with the average number of deaths: all-cause (1105) > cardiovascular disease (703) > respiratory disease (430). The above research provides crucial theoretical support for the Australian government to enhance regional atmospheric environmental quality and public health benefits.