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<p>Achieving both “livability” and “business-friendliness” represents people’s aspiration toward a region’s economic, social, and ecological well-being. In recent years, numerous local governments in China have introduced various “business-friendliness” policies aimed at guiding labor migration backflows for entrepreneurship. However, whether these policies adequately address the equally important attribute of “livability” has emerged as a crucial issue deserving profound contemplation. This paper employs panel data from 1775 counties in China from2011-2021 and a Double/Debiased Machine Learning (DML) method to evaluate the impact of the Return-to-Hometown Entrepreneurship Pilot Policy (RHEPP, a proxy for “business-friendliness”) on air quality (AQ, a proxy for “livability”). The study found that: Firstly, implementing RHEPP is conducive to improving AQ. Heterogeneity assessment suggests that the improving impact of RHEPP on AQ is long-term and increases annually, whereas the spillover effect of RHEPP is only significant in a specific range and decays spatially. Secondly, RHEPP achieves this positive impact on AQ through the effects of economies of scale, industrial structural adjustment, and technological innovation. Thirdly, the influence of RHEPP on AQ is heterogeneous in industry and region This paper can provide valuable policy recommendations for achieving sustainable development in entrepreneurship and county-level economies.</p>

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Can both “Business-friendliness” and “Livability” be achieved: a study on the pilot policy of return-to-hometown entrepreneurship on air quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Yongpeng Ding,
  • Honggang Lu,
  • Junbiao Zhang,
  • Dingde Xu,
  • Jiaxi Zheng

摘要

Achieving both “livability” and “business-friendliness” represents people’s aspiration toward a region’s economic, social, and ecological well-being. In recent years, numerous local governments in China have introduced various “business-friendliness” policies aimed at guiding labor migration backflows for entrepreneurship. However, whether these policies adequately address the equally important attribute of “livability” has emerged as a crucial issue deserving profound contemplation. This paper employs panel data from 1775 counties in China from2011-2021 and a Double/Debiased Machine Learning (DML) method to evaluate the impact of the Return-to-Hometown Entrepreneurship Pilot Policy (RHEPP, a proxy for “business-friendliness”) on air quality (AQ, a proxy for “livability”). The study found that: Firstly, implementing RHEPP is conducive to improving AQ. Heterogeneity assessment suggests that the improving impact of RHEPP on AQ is long-term and increases annually, whereas the spillover effect of RHEPP is only significant in a specific range and decays spatially. Secondly, RHEPP achieves this positive impact on AQ through the effects of economies of scale, industrial structural adjustment, and technological innovation. Thirdly, the influence of RHEPP on AQ is heterogeneous in industry and region This paper can provide valuable policy recommendations for achieving sustainable development in entrepreneurship and county-level economies.