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<p>The pollution levels of SO<sub>2</sub>, a ubiquitous air pollutant, are of great concern to the public. They can be monitored cost-effectively using a passive sampler, with its performance, however, rarely studied in Northeast China featuring a hot and wet summer and a cold and dry winter. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the distribution of the absorbed SO<sub>2</sub> within the sampler’s trapping medium. In this study, three variants of the triethanolamine-based (TEA-based) Willems badge-type passive sampler, namely WBPS<sub>Di−1&#xa0;L</sub>, WBPS<sub>Pi−1&#xa0;L</sub> and WBPS<sub>Pi−2&#xa0;L</sub>, were assembled, with the subscripts Di and Pi representing the dipping and the pipetting methods, respectively, for preparing the trapping medium; and 1&#xa0;L and 2&#xa0;L the single-layered and the double-layered structures for the trapping medium, respectively. Roughly biweekly, a field validation of the former two samplers against an SO<sub>2</sub> analyser was conducted at an urban station (for 36 weeks) and at a rural one (for 30 or 14 weeks) in Shenyang City in Northeast China, with some shorter and longer sampling at the urban station, and several simultaneous deployments of the latter two samplers at both stations. The WBPS<sub>Pi−2&#xa0;L</sub> was used to check the absorbed SO<sub>2</sub> distribution within the trapping medium. The results suggest that the adjusted uptake rate of each of the former two samplers was insensitive to temperature, exposure duration and the TEA consumption rate, but was significantly negatively affected by relative humidity. The single outer layer of the double-layered trapping medium was adequate for passive sampling of SO<sub>2</sub> in Shenyang, demonstrating TEA’s high collection efficiency.</p>

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Field performance of three variants of the Willems badge-type passive sampler for determining atmospheric sulphur dioxide concentrations in Shenyang, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Wei Liu,
  • Longfei Liu,
  • Sulian Li,
  • Zhen Sun,
  • Edith Bai,
  • Yimin Liu

摘要

The pollution levels of SO2, a ubiquitous air pollutant, are of great concern to the public. They can be monitored cost-effectively using a passive sampler, with its performance, however, rarely studied in Northeast China featuring a hot and wet summer and a cold and dry winter. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the distribution of the absorbed SO2 within the sampler’s trapping medium. In this study, three variants of the triethanolamine-based (TEA-based) Willems badge-type passive sampler, namely WBPSDi−1 L, WBPSPi−1 L and WBPSPi−2 L, were assembled, with the subscripts Di and Pi representing the dipping and the pipetting methods, respectively, for preparing the trapping medium; and 1 L and 2 L the single-layered and the double-layered structures for the trapping medium, respectively. Roughly biweekly, a field validation of the former two samplers against an SO2 analyser was conducted at an urban station (for 36 weeks) and at a rural one (for 30 or 14 weeks) in Shenyang City in Northeast China, with some shorter and longer sampling at the urban station, and several simultaneous deployments of the latter two samplers at both stations. The WBPSPi−2 L was used to check the absorbed SO2 distribution within the trapping medium. The results suggest that the adjusted uptake rate of each of the former two samplers was insensitive to temperature, exposure duration and the TEA consumption rate, but was significantly negatively affected by relative humidity. The single outer layer of the double-layered trapping medium was adequate for passive sampling of SO2 in Shenyang, demonstrating TEA’s high collection efficiency.