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<p>Vehicle emissions are one of the important sources of air pollution in urban areas. This study analyzed emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), and fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) from gasoline, diesel, and compressed natural gas (CNG)-powered vehicles, including passenger cars, trucks, and taxis under real-traffic conditions. These pollutants and greenhouse gas were collected and measured through on-road experiments using a specifically designed portable emission measurement system (PEMS) on two testing routes. The results indicated significant variations in emission factors across vehicle and fuel types. Gasoline vehicles exhibited higher CO and CO<sub>2</sub> emission factors than their diesel and CNG counterparts. However, diesel vehicles produced significantly more NO<sub>x</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions. Among all vehicle categories, light-duty gasoline trucks (LDGTs) and medium-duty gasoline passenger vehicles (MDGVs) had the highest CO emissions (10.3&#xa0;g km<sup>− 1</sup> and 8.0&#xa0;g km<sup>− 1</sup>, respectively). Heavy-duty diesel passenger vehicles (HDDVs) emitted the most NO<sub>x</sub> (10.1&#xa0;g km<sup>− 1</sup>) and CO<sub>2</sub> (1109.4&#xa0;g km<sup>− 1</sup>). Light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs) and medium-duty diesel trucks (MDDTs) contributed the highest PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions (295.2&#xa0;mg km<sup>− 1</sup> and 769.4&#xa0;mg km<sup>− 1</sup>, respectively). Compressed natural gas vehicles were the cleanest, with emission values of 3.4&#xa0;g km<sup>− 1</sup> (CO), 0.76&#xa0;g km<sup>− 1</sup> (NO<sub>x</sub>), 321.6&#xa0;g km<sup>− 1</sup> (CO<sub>2</sub>), and 1.4&#xa0;mg km<sup>− 1</sup> (PM<sub>2.5</sub>). Furthermore, while stricter emission standards help reduce pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions, increasing mileage is a major contributor to increased emission levels. Additionally, an estimation of CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions from vehicle exhaust across 31 Chinese provinces in 2021 recognized high-emission vehicle types and revealed substantial regional variations in vehicle exhaust emissions. The findings from these on-road emission experiments provide essential insights for designing effective pollution control strategies and mitigating urban air pollution.</p>

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Real-traffic emissions of CO, NOx, CO2, and PM2.5 from vehicles using a portable emission measurement system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Chunying Lu,
  • Shuwei Dong,
  • Shanqian Huang,
  • Shuohan Gao,
  • Jinsheng Fu,
  • Xinyi Tian,
  • Sha Lin,
  • Xinzhu Xiong,
  • Xinjun Wang,
  • Xinfeng Wang

摘要

Vehicle emissions are one of the important sources of air pollution in urban areas. This study analyzed emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from gasoline, diesel, and compressed natural gas (CNG)-powered vehicles, including passenger cars, trucks, and taxis under real-traffic conditions. These pollutants and greenhouse gas were collected and measured through on-road experiments using a specifically designed portable emission measurement system (PEMS) on two testing routes. The results indicated significant variations in emission factors across vehicle and fuel types. Gasoline vehicles exhibited higher CO and CO2 emission factors than their diesel and CNG counterparts. However, diesel vehicles produced significantly more NOx and PM2.5 emissions. Among all vehicle categories, light-duty gasoline trucks (LDGTs) and medium-duty gasoline passenger vehicles (MDGVs) had the highest CO emissions (10.3 g km− 1 and 8.0 g km− 1, respectively). Heavy-duty diesel passenger vehicles (HDDVs) emitted the most NOx (10.1 g km− 1) and CO2 (1109.4 g km− 1). Light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs) and medium-duty diesel trucks (MDDTs) contributed the highest PM2.5 emissions (295.2 mg km− 1 and 769.4 mg km− 1, respectively). Compressed natural gas vehicles were the cleanest, with emission values of 3.4 g km− 1 (CO), 0.76 g km− 1 (NOx), 321.6 g km− 1 (CO2), and 1.4 mg km− 1 (PM2.5). Furthermore, while stricter emission standards help reduce pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions, increasing mileage is a major contributor to increased emission levels. Additionally, an estimation of CO, NOx, CO2, and PM2.5 emissions from vehicle exhaust across 31 Chinese provinces in 2021 recognized high-emission vehicle types and revealed substantial regional variations in vehicle exhaust emissions. The findings from these on-road emission experiments provide essential insights for designing effective pollution control strategies and mitigating urban air pollution.