<p>In this paper, we investigate a class of fractional Schrödinger equation with slowly decaying potentials <Equation ID="Equ1"> <EquationNumber>0.1</EquationNumber> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} (-\Delta )^s u+V(|x|)u =Q(|x|) u^p, \quad u&gt;0\,\ \hbox {in}\,\ {\mathbb {R}}^{N}, \,\ u\in H^{s}({\mathbb {R}}^{N}), \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>H</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s\in (0,1),\,N\ge 3,\,p\in (1,\frac{N+2s}{N-2s})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>p</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V,\,Q\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are continuous radial functions satisfying <Equation ID="Equ48"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned}V(|x|)={V_0}+\frac{a}{|x|^n}+O\left( \frac{1}{|x|^{n+\kappa }}\right) , \quad Q(|x|)={Q_0}+\frac{b}{|x|^m}+O\left( \frac{1}{|x|^{m+\theta }}\right) ,\end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mi>a</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>κ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mi>b</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>θ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>as <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|x| \rightarrow \infty ,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V_0,\, Q_0,\, \kappa ,\, \theta ,\, a&gt;0,\,b\in {\mathbb {R}}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>κ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>b</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> By introducing the Miranda theorem and some delicate analysis, via the Lyapunov-Schmit finite dimensional reduction method, we construct infinitely many multi-bump solutions of this equation when <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{N+2s}{2(N+2s)+1}&lt; n&lt; m&lt;N+2s\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b\in {\mathbb {R}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{N+2s}{2(N+2s)+1}&lt;m\le n&lt;N+2s\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b\le 0.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> This result not only supplements the existing literature on multi-bump solutions for slower decay rates of potential functions at infinity but also extends the range of decay rates from <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m,\,n\in \left( \frac{N+2s}{N+2s+1},N+2s\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m,\,n\in \left( \frac{N+2s}{2(N+2s)+1},N+2s\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which partially answers the open problem proposed in [Wang L, Zhao C. arXiv, 2014.]</p>

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Constructing multi-bump solutions for fractional Schrödinger equation with slow decaying potentials

  • Wenling He,
  • Tao Wang,
  • Yaling Zhou

摘要

In this paper, we investigate a class of fractional Schrödinger equation with slowly decaying potentials 0.1 \(\begin{aligned} (-\Delta )^s u+V(|x|)u =Q(|x|) u^p, \quad u>0\,\ \hbox {in}\,\ {\mathbb {R}}^{N}, \,\ u\in H^{s}({\mathbb {R}}^{N}), \end{aligned}\) ( - Δ ) s u + V ( | x | ) u = Q ( | x | ) u p , u > 0 in R N , u H s ( R N ) , where \(s\in (0,1),\,N\ge 3,\,p\in (1,\frac{N+2s}{N-2s})\) s ( 0 , 1 ) , N 3 , p ( 1 , N + 2 s N - 2 s ) and \(V,\,Q\) V , Q are continuous radial functions satisfying \(\begin{aligned}V(|x|)={V_0}+\frac{a}{|x|^n}+O\left( \frac{1}{|x|^{n+\kappa }}\right) , \quad Q(|x|)={Q_0}+\frac{b}{|x|^m}+O\left( \frac{1}{|x|^{m+\theta }}\right) ,\end{aligned}\) V ( | x | ) = V 0 + a | x | n + O 1 | x | n + κ , Q ( | x | ) = Q 0 + b | x | m + O 1 | x | m + θ , as \(|x| \rightarrow \infty ,\) | x | , where \(V_0,\, Q_0,\, \kappa ,\, \theta ,\, a>0,\,b\in {\mathbb {R}}.\) V 0 , Q 0 , κ , θ , a > 0 , b R . By introducing the Miranda theorem and some delicate analysis, via the Lyapunov-Schmit finite dimensional reduction method, we construct infinitely many multi-bump solutions of this equation when \(\frac{N+2s}{2(N+2s)+1}< n< m<N+2s\) N + 2 s 2 ( N + 2 s ) + 1 < n < m < N + 2 s and \(b\in {\mathbb {R}},\) b R , or \(\frac{N+2s}{2(N+2s)+1}<m\le n<N+2s\) N + 2 s 2 ( N + 2 s ) + 1 < m n < N + 2 s and \(b\le 0.\) b 0 . This result not only supplements the existing literature on multi-bump solutions for slower decay rates of potential functions at infinity but also extends the range of decay rates from \(m,\,n\in \left( \frac{N+2s}{N+2s+1},N+2s\right) \) m , n N + 2 s N + 2 s + 1 , N + 2 s to \(m,\,n\in \left( \frac{N+2s}{2(N+2s)+1},N+2s\right) \) m , n N + 2 s 2 ( N + 2 s ) + 1 , N + 2 s , which partially answers the open problem proposed in [Wang L, Zhao C. arXiv, 2014.]