<p>In this paper, we consider possible orders of transcendental meromorphic solutions of linear difference equations <Equation ID="Equa"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11854_2025_357_Article_Equa.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="439" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((+) \quad \quad \quad {P}_{m}(z)\Delta^{m}f(z)+\cdots+{P}_{1}(z)\Delta f(z)+{P}_{0}(z)f(z)=0,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <msub> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> where <i>P</i><sub><i>j</i></sub>(<i>z</i>) are polynomials for <i>j</i> = 0, …, <i>m</i>. Firstly, we give the condition on existence of transcendental entire solutions of order less than 1 of difference equations (+). Secondly, we give a list of all possible orders which are less than 1 of transcendental entire solutions of difference equations (+). Moreover, the maximum number of distinct orders which are less than 1 of transcendental entire solutions of difference equations (+) are shown. Further, in both cases, for a given difference equation (+) with polynomial coefficients, we can construct a meromorphic solution of (+) of order <i>ρ</i>(<i>f</i>) = <i>ρ</i> for any <i>ρ</i> ∈ [1, +∞). Thirdly, for any given rational number 0 &lt; <i>ρ</i> &lt; 1, we can construct a linear difference equation with polynomial coefficients which has a transcendental entire solution of order <i>ρ</i>. Lastly, some examples are illustrated for our main theorems.</p>

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Possible orders of transcendental meromorphic solutions of linear difference equations with polynomial coefficients

  • Katsuya Ishizaki,
  • Zhi-Tao Wen

摘要

In this paper, we consider possible orders of transcendental meromorphic solutions of linear difference equations \((+) \quad \quad \quad {P}_{m}(z)\Delta^{m}f(z)+\cdots+{P}_{1}(z)\Delta f(z)+{P}_{0}(z)f(z)=0,\) ( + ) P m ( z ) Δ m f ( z ) + + P 1 ( z ) Δ f ( z ) + P 0 ( z ) f ( z ) = 0 , where Pj(z) are polynomials for j = 0, …, m. Firstly, we give the condition on existence of transcendental entire solutions of order less than 1 of difference equations (+). Secondly, we give a list of all possible orders which are less than 1 of transcendental entire solutions of difference equations (+). Moreover, the maximum number of distinct orders which are less than 1 of transcendental entire solutions of difference equations (+) are shown. Further, in both cases, for a given difference equation (+) with polynomial coefficients, we can construct a meromorphic solution of (+) of order ρ(f) = ρ for any ρ ∈ [1, +∞). Thirdly, for any given rational number 0 < ρ < 1, we can construct a linear difference equation with polynomial coefficients which has a transcendental entire solution of order ρ. Lastly, some examples are illustrated for our main theorems.